{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1787823197243,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) antiviral resistance is a major cause of antiviral therapy failure and compromises future treatment options. As a consequence, resistance testing is the standard of care. Because of the high degree of HIV-1 natural variation and complex interactions, the role of resistance mutations is in many cases insufficiently understood. We applied a probabilistic model, Bayesian networks, to analyze direct influences between protein residues and exposure to treatment in clinical HIV-1 protease sequences from diverse subtypes. We can determine the specific role of many resistance mutations against the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, and determine relationships between resistance mutations and polymorphisms. We can show for example that in addition to the well-known major mutations 90M and 30N for nelfinavir resistance, 88S should not be treated as 88D but instead considered as a major mutation and explain the subtype-dependent prevalence of the 30N resistance pathway.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0koen.deforche@uz.kuleuven.ac.be<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T00:45:58Z","timestamp":1160009158000},"page":"2975-2979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Analysis of HIV-1 <i>pol<\/i> sequences using Bayesian Networks: implications for drug resistance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Deforche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Silander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Institute for Information Technology 1 \u00a0 1 \u00a0 \u00a0 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Hospital Egas Moniz 2 \u00a0 2 \u00a0 \u00a0 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z .","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ministry of Health 3 \u00a0 3 \u00a0 \u00a0 Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 4 \u00a0 4 \u00a0 \u00a0 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Van Laethem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University 5 \u00a0 5 \u00a0 \u00a0 Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESAT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 6 \u00a0 6 \u00a0 \u00a0 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.-M.","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the non-B Workgroup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012408500623300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000188422.95162.b7","article-title":"Protease mutation M89I\/V is linked to therapy failure in patients infected with the HIV-1 non-B subtypes C, F or G","volume":"19","author":"Abecasis","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023012408500623300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/974614.974620","article-title":"Learning multiple evolutionary pathways from cross-sectional data","volume-title":"RECOMB","author":"Beerenwinkel","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023012408500623300_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1086\/430005","article-title":"Estimating HIV evolutionary pathways and the genetic barrier to drug resistance","volume":"191","author":"Beerenwinkel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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