{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:22:05Z","timestamp":1771615325301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Mutual information (MI) theory is often applied to predict positional correlations in a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) to make possible the analysis of those positions structurally or functionally important in a given fold or protein family. Accurate identification of coevolving positions in protein sequences is difficult due to the high background signal imposed by phylogeny and noise. Several methods have been proposed using MI to identify coevolving amino acids in protein families.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: After evaluating two current methods, we demonstrate how the use of sequence-weighting techniques to reduce sequence redundancy and low-count corrections to account for small number of observations in limited size sequence families, can significantly improve the predictability of MI. The evaluation is made on large sets of both in silico-generated alignments as well as on biological sequence data. The methods included in the analysis are the APC (average product correction) and RCW (row\u2013column weighting) methods. The best performing method was APC including sequence-weighting and low-count corrections. The use of sequence-permutations to calculate a MI rescaling is shown to significantly improve the prediction accuracy and allows for direct comparison of information values across protein families. Finally, we demonstrate how a lower bound of 400 sequences &amp;lt;62% identical is needed in an MSA in order to achieve meaningful predictive performances. With our contribution, we achieve a noteworthy improvement on the current procedures to determine coevolution and residue contacts, and we believe that this will have potential impacts on the understanding of protein structure, function and folding.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0cmb@qb.ffyb.uba.ar; mniel@cbs.dtu.dk<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,11]],"date-time":"2009-03-11T01:38:54Z","timestamp":1236735534000},"page":"1125-1131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Correction for phylogeny, small number of observations and data redundancy improves the identification of coevolving amino acid pairs using mutual information"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cristina Marino","family":"Buslje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina and 2Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina and 2Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Jose Maria","family":"Delfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina and 2Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina and 2Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013110275619500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023013110275619500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21972","article-title":"Analysis of the residue-residue coevolution network and the functionally important residues in proteins","volume":"72","author":"Byung-Chul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Protein Struct. 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