{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:17:32Z","timestamp":1780478252295,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: It is well known that data deficiencies, such as coding\/rounding errors, outliers or missing values, may lead to misleading results for many statistical methods. Robust statistical methods are designed to accommodate certain types of those deficiencies, allowing for reliable results under various conditions. We analyze the case of statistical tests to detect associations between genomic individual variations (SNP) and quantitative traits when deviations from the normality assumption are observed. We consider the classical analysis of variance tests for the parameters of the appropriate linear model and a robust version of those tests based on M-regression. We then compare their empirical power and level using simulated data with several degrees of contamination.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Data normality is nothing but a mathematical convenience. In practice, experiments usually yield data with non-conforming observations. In the presence of this type of data, classical least squares statistical methods perform poorly, giving biased estimates, raising the number of spurious associations and often failing to detect true ones. We show through a simulation study and a real data example, that the robust methodology can be more powerful and thus more adequate for association studies than the classical approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability: The code of the robustified version of function lmekin() from the R package kinship is provided as Supplementary Material.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0vmml@fct.unl.pt<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary Information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,9]],"date-time":"2011-01-09T01:13:43Z","timestamp":1294535623000},"page":"815-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Robust linear regression methods in association studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"V. M.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Mathematics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, 2Department of Mathematics and CEMAT, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (TULisbon), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and 3School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Mathematics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, 2Department of Mathematics and CEMAT, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (TULisbon), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and 3School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Mathematics, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, 2Department of Mathematics and CEMAT, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (TULisbon), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and 3School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012511533666000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1045","article-title":"Association studies for quantitative traits in structured populations","volume":"22","author":"Bacanu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genet. 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