{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T02:56:56Z","timestamp":1765421816794},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1937,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.5"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: In recent years, numerous genome-wide association studies have been conducted to identify genetic makeup that explains phenotypic differences observed in human population. Analytical tests on single loci are readily available and embedded in common genome analysis software toolset. The search for significant epistasis (gene\u2013gene interactions) still poses as a computational challenge for modern day computing systems, due to the large number of hypotheses that have to be tested.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: In this article, we present an approach to epistasis detection by exhaustive testing of all possible SNP pairs. The search strategy based on the Hilbert\u2013Schmidt Independence Criterion can help delineate various forms of statistical dependence between the genetic markers and the phenotype. The actual implementation of this search is done on the highly parallelized architecture available on graphics processing units rendering the completion of the full search feasible within a day.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability:The program is available at http:\/\/www.mpipsykl.mpg.de\/epigpuhsic\/.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0tony@mpipsykl.mpg.de<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T23:32:32Z","timestamp":1308353552000},"page":"i214-i221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epistasis detection on quantitative phenotypes by exhaustive enumeration using GPUs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Kam-Thong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"P\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Karbalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"M\u00fcller\u2212Myhsok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich and 2Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max-Planck-Institutes, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012512103522100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1479","article-title":"Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with increased recurrence of depressive episodes and rapid response to antidepressant treatment","volume":"36","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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