{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:36:31Z","timestamp":1762623391124},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Summary: Meta-analysis across genome-wide association studies is a common approach for discovering genetic associations. However, in some meta-analysis efforts, individual-level data cannot be broadly shared by study investigators due to privacy and Institutional Review Board concerns. In such cases, researchers cannot confirm that each study represents a unique group of people, leading to potentially inflated test statistics and false positives. To resolve this problem, we created a software tool, Gencrypt, which utilizes a security protocol known as one-way cryptographic hashes to allow overlapping participants to be identified without sharing individual-level data.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability: Gencrypt is freely available under the GNU general public license v3 at http:\/\/www.broadinstitute.org\/software\/gencrypt\/<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0joelh@broadinstitute.org<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T01:42:17Z","timestamp":1328233337000},"page":"886-888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gencrypt: one-way cryptographic hashes to detect overlapping individuals across samples"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Turchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, 2Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140 and 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"1 Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, 2Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140 and 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"given":"Joel N.","family":"Hirschhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, 2Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140 and 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"1 Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, 2Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140 and 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"1 Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, 2Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140 and 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012512213035200_B1","article-title":"The Whirlpool Hashing Function","volume-title":"First open NESSIE Workshop.","author":"Barreto","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023012512213035200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-46588-1_25","article-title":"Cryptographic approaches to privacy in forensic DNA databases","volume-title":"Public Key Cryptography '00.","author":"Bohannon","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023012512213035200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2006.37","article-title":"Cryptographic hash standards: where do we go from here?","volume":"4","author":"Burr","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Security & Privacy"},{"key":"2023012512213035200_B4","author":"Eastlake","year":"2006","journal-title":"US Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA and HMAC-SHA)."},{"key":"2023012512213035200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903103106","article-title":"Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits","volume":"106","author":"Hindorff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. 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