{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:56:38Z","timestamp":1761947798934},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1640,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Biological experiments give insight into networks of processes inside a cell, but are subject to error and uncertainty. However, due to the overlap between the large number of experiments reported in public databases it is possible to assess the chances of individual observations being correct. In order to do so, existing methods rely on high-quality \u2018gold standard\u2019 reference networks, but such reference networks are not always available.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: We present a novel algorithm for computing the probability of network interactions that operates without gold standard reference data. We show that our algorithm outperforms existing gold standard-based methods. Finally, we apply the new algorithm to a large collection of genetic interaction and protein\u2013protein interaction experiments.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability: The integrated dataset and a reference implementation of the algorithm as a plug-in for the Ondex data integration framework are available for download at http:\/\/bio-nexus.ncl.ac.uk\/projects\/nogold\/<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0darren.wilkinson@ncl.ac.uk<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,8]],"date-time":"2012-04-08T08:06:13Z","timestamp":1333872373000},"page":"1495-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bayesian integration of networks without gold standards"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Weile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hallinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Cockell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Wipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"},{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"},{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada, 2School of Computing Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 3Bioinformatics Support Unit, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, 4Centre for Integrative Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL and 5School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, 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