{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:51:40Z","timestamp":1778885500332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation:\u2003With the advancement of high-throughput techniques, large-scale profiling of biological systems with multiple experimental perturbations is becoming more prevalent. Pathway analysis incorporates prior biological knowledge to analyze genes\/proteins in groups in a biological context. However, the hypotheses under investigation are often confined to a 1D space (i.e. up, down, either or mixed regulation). Here, we develop direction pathway analysis (DPA), which can be applied to test hypothesis in a high-dimensional space for identifying pathways that display distinct responses across multiple perturbations.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results:\u2003Our DPA approach allows for the identification of pathways that display distinct responses across multiple perturbations. To demonstrate the utility and effectiveness, we evaluated DPA under various simulated scenarios and applied it to study insulin action in adipocytes. A major action of insulin in adipocytes is to regulate the movement of proteins from the interior to the cell surface membrane. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to study this process on a large-scale. The combined dataset comprises four separate treatments. By applying DPA, we identified that several insulin responsive pathways in the plasma membrane trafficking are only partially dependent on the insulin-regulated kinase Akt. We subsequently validated our findings through targeted analysis of key proteins from these pathways using immunoblotting and live cell microscopy. Our results demonstrate that DPA can be applied to dissect pathway networks testing diverse hypotheses and integrating multiple experimental perturbations.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation:\u2003The R package \u2018directPA\u2019 is distributed from CRAN under GNU General Public License (GPL)-3 and can be downloaded from: http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/directPA\/index.html<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact:\u2003jean.yang@sydney.edu.au<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary Information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T00:39:39Z","timestamp":1383007179000},"page":"808-814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Direction pathway analysis of large-scale proteomics data reveals novel features of the insulin action pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Pengyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"},{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"},{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Xiong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"},{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Fazakerley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Burchfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee","family":"Hwa Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Systems Biology Group, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, 2School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, 3Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2006, Australia and 4Metabolism in Human Disease Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*Star, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos 138673, 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