{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T07:06:05Z","timestamp":1769583965196,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Sharing genomic data is crucial to support scientific investigation such as genome-wide association studies. However, recent investigations suggest the privacy of the individual participants in these studies can be compromised, leading to serious concerns and consequences, such as overly restricted access to data.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: We introduce a novel cryptographic strategy to securely perform meta-analysis for genetic association studies in large consortia. Our methodology is useful for supporting joint studies among disparate data sites, where privacy or confidentiality is of concern. We validate our method using three multisite association studies. Our research shows that genetic associations can be analyzed efficiently and accurately across substudy sites, without leaking information on individual participants and site-level association summaries.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation: Our software for secure meta-analysis of genetic association studies, SecureMA, is publicly available at http:\/\/github.com\/XieConnect\/SecureMA. Our customized secure computation framework is also publicly available at http:\/\/github.com\/XieConnect\/CircuitService<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0b.malin@vanderbilt.edu<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,22]],"date-time":"2014-08-22T03:08:27Z","timestamp":1408676907000},"page":"3334-3341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["SecureMA: protecting participant privacy in genetic association meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Kantarcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Heatherly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, 2Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA, 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, 4Center for Human Genetics Research, 5Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and 6Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1126\/science.339.6123.1032-c","article-title":"Data re-identification: societal safeguards","volume":"339","author":"Altman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B2","first-page":"535","article-title":"More efficient oblivious transfer and extensions for faster secure computation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computers & Communications Security","author":"Asharov","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54568-9_9","article-title":"Privacy-preserving processing of raw genomic data","volume-title":"Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security","author":"Ayday","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.09.008","article-title":"Variants near FOXE1 are associated with hypothyroidism and other thyroid conditions: using electronic medical records for genome-and phenome-wide studies","volume":"89","author":"Denny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000735","article-title":"A secure distributed logistic regression protocol for the detection of rare adverse drug events","volume":"20","author":"Emam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B6","author":"European Commission (2012)"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B7","author":"European Commission Article 29 Data Protection Working Party","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20268","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for BMI and obesity in an ethnically diverse population: results from the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study","volume":"21","author":"Fesinmeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15cm3","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000361","article-title":"Meeting the governance challenges of next-generation biorepository research","volume":"2","author":"Fullerton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09764","article-title":"Charting a course for genomic medicine from base pairs to bedside","volume":"470","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229566","article-title":"Identifying personal genomes by surname inference","volume":"339","author":"Gymrek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1296","article-title":"Consistent directions of effect for established type 2 diabetes risk variants across populations the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) consortium","volume":"61","author":"Haiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B13","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis","author":"Hedges","year":"1985"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B14","first-page":"437","article-title":"Faster secure two-party computation with less memory","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computers & Communications Security","author":"Henecka","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000167","article-title":"Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays","volume":"4","author":"Homer","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B16","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Addressing the concerns of the Lacks family: quantification of kin genomic privacy","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computers & Communications Security","author":"Humbert","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.02.008","article-title":"On sharing quantitative trait GWAS in an era of multiple-omics data and the limits of genomic privacy","volume":"90","author":"Im","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.455","article-title":"A new statistic and its power to infer membership in a genome-wide association study using genotype frequencies","volume":"41","author":"Jacobs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt066","article-title":"A new way to protect privacy in large-scale genome-wide association studies","volume":"29","author":"Kamm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2007.908465","article-title":"A cryptographic approach to securely share and query genomic sequences","volume":"12","author":"Kantarcioglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Techn. Biomed. IEEE Trans."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2573","article-title":"Data sharing in genomics: re-shaping scientific practice","volume":"10","author":"Kaye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095019","article-title":"Genomic research and human subject privacy","volume":"305","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147699","article-title":"Identifiability in genomic research","volume":"317","author":"Lowrance","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2360","article-title":"From genetic privacy to open consent","volume":"9","author":"Lunshof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1007-1181","article-title":"The NCBI dbGaP database of genotypes and phenotypes","volume":"39","author":"Mailman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153520","article-title":"The power of meta-analysis in genome-wide association studies","volume":"14","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B27","volume-title":"Privacy and Progress in Whole Genome Sequencing","author":"Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234593","article-title":"Research ethics: the complexities of genomic identifiability","volume":"339","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.436","article-title":"Genomic privacy and limits of individual detection in a pool","volume":"41","author":"Sankararaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/456032a","article-title":"Personal genomes: when consent gets in the way","volume":"456","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B31","first-page":"44512","article-title":"Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking: human subjects and reducing burden, delay, and ambiguity for investigators","volume":"76","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2011","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1001","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1229","article-title":"The NHGRI GWAS Catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations","volume":"42","author":"Welter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq340","article-title":"METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans","volume":"26","author":"Willer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.071","article-title":"Quality control and conduct of genome-wide association meta-analyses","volume":"9","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq111","article-title":"DataSHIELD: resolving a conflict in contemporary bioscience-performing a pooled analysis of individual-level data without sharing the data","volume":"39","author":"Wolfson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2023012712035156600_btu561-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165490","article-title":"Protecting aggregate genomic data","volume":"322","author":"Zerhouni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/30\/23\/3334\/48932587\/bioinformatics_30_23_3334.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/30\/23\/3334\/48932587\/bioinformatics_30_23_3334.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1674824538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article\/30\/23\/3334\/207349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-4811","1367-4803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-4811","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1367-4803","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]}}}