{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:20:45Z","timestamp":1775024445857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":598,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Technological advances have enabled the identification of an increasingly large spectrum of single nucleotide variants within the human genome, many of which may be associated with monogenic disease or complex traits. Here, we propose an integrative approach, named FATHMM-MKL, to predict the functional consequences of both coding and non-coding sequence variants. Our method utilizes various genomic annotations, which have recently become available, and learns to weight the significance of each component annotation source.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: We show that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms, CADD and GWAVA, when predicting the functional consequences of non-coding variants. In addition, FATHMM-MKL is comparable to the best of these algorithms when predicting the impact of coding variants. The method includes a confidence measure to rank order predictions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation: The FATHMM-MKL webserver is available at: http:\/\/fathmm.biocompute.org.uk<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0H.Shihab@bristol.ac.uk \u00a0 or \u00a0Mark.Rogers@bristol.ac.uk \u00a0or \u00a0C.Campbell@bristol.ac.uk<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T01:15:54Z","timestamp":1421111754000},"page":"1536-1543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":642,"title":["An integrative approach to predicting the functional effects of non-coding and coding sequence variation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hashem A.","family":"Shihab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"},{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Gough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Mort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Ian N. M.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Tom R.","family":"Gaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"},{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 2Bristol Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK, 3Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK, 4Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK and 5Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020115420222200_btv009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01552-6","volume-title":"Learning with Support Vector Machines","author":"Campbell","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023020115420222200_btv009-B2","first-page":"2211","article-title":"Multiple kernel learning algorithms","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f6nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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