{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1774794932402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":580,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Summary: Transposable elements constitute a large fraction of vertebrate genomes and, during evolution, may be co-opted for new functions. Exonization of transposable elements inserted within or close to host genes is one possible way to generate new genes, and alternative splicing of the new exons may represent an intermediate step in this process. The genes TMPO and ZNF451 are present in all vertebrate lineages. Although they are not evolutionarily related, mammalian TMPO and ZNF451 do have something in common\u2014they both code for splice isoforms that contain LAP2alpha domains. We found that these LAP2alpha domains have sequence similarity to repetitive sequences in non-mammalian genomes, which are in turn related to the first ORF from a DIRS1-like retrotransposon. This retrotransposon domestication happened separately and resulted in proteins that combine retrotransposon and host protein domains. The alternative splicing of the retrotransposed sequence allowed the production of both the new and the untouched original isoforms, which may have contributed to the success of the colonization process. The LAP2alpha-specific isoform of TMPO (LAP2\u03b1) has been co-opted for important roles in the cell, whereas the ZNF451 LAP2alpha isoform is evolving under strong purifying selection but remains uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: mtress@cnio.es or valencia@cnio.es<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T01:52:31Z","timestamp":1425433951000},"page":"2257-2261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Alternative splicing and co-option of transposable elements: the case of TMPO\/LAP2\u03b1 and ZNF451 in mammals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Abascal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Tress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020202152422300_btv132-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti263","article-title":"ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution","volume":"21","author":"Abascal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023020202152422300_btv132-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023020202152422300_btv132-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.5.361","article-title":"The characterization and localization of the mouse thymopoietin\/lamina-associated polypeptide 2 gene and its alternatively spliced products","volume":"6","author":"Berger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2023020202152422300_btv132-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90016-9","article-title":"Sequence of dictyostelium DIRS-1: an apparent retrotransposon with inverted terminal repeats and an internal circle junction sequence","volume":"43","author":"Cappello","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023020202152422300_btv132-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2640","article-title":"The impact of retrotransposons on human genome evolution","volume":"10","author":"Cordaux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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