{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:14:31Z","timestamp":1779232471711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Pathogens infect their host and hijack the host machinery to produce more progeny pathogens. Obligate intracellular pathogens, in particular, require resources of the host to replicate. Therefore, infections by these pathogens lead to alterations in the metabolism of the host, shifting in favor of pathogen protein production. Some computational identification of mechanisms of host\u2013pathogen interactions have been proposed, but it seems the problem has yet to be approached from the metabolite-hijacking angle.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: We propose a novel computational framework, Hi-Jack, for inferring pathway-based interactions between a host and a pathogen that relies on the idea of metabolite hijacking. Hi-Jack searches metabolic network data from hosts and pathogens, and identifies candidate reactions where hijacking occurs. A novel scoring function ranks candidate hijacked reactions and identifies pathways in the host that interact with pathways in the pathogen, as well as the associated frequent hijacked metabolites. We also describe host\u2013pathogen interaction principles that can be used in the future for subsequent studies. Our case study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) revealed pathways in human\u2014e.g. carbohydrate metabolism, lipids metabolism and pathways related to amino acids metabolism\u2014that are likely to be hijacked by the pathogen. In addition, we report interesting potential pathway interconnections between human and Mtb such as linkage of human fatty acid biosynthesis with Mtb biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, or linkage of human pentose phosphate pathway with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Mtb.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation: Datasets and codes are available at http:\/\/cloud.kaust.edu.sa\/Pages\/Hi-Jack.aspx<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: Dimitrios.Kleftogiannis@kaust.edu.sa<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T00:42:36Z","timestamp":1426034556000},"page":"2332-2339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hi-Jack: a novel computational framework for pathway-based inference of host\u2013pathogen interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kleftogiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limsoon","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.C.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,"},{"name":"3 Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Kalnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020202153375400_btv138-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-112","article-title":"A systematic comparison of the MetaCyc and KEGG pathway databases","volume":"14","author":"Altman","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023020202153375400_btv138-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284170","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/284170","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: in silico drug targets identification by metabolic pathways analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Amir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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