{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T20:11:49Z","timestamp":1772914309889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: Glycans play critical roles in many biological processes, and their structural diversity is key for specific protein-glycan recognition. Comparative structural studies of biological molecules provide useful insight into their biological relationships. However, most computational tools are designed for protein structure, and despite their importance, there is no currently available tool for comparing glycan structures in a sequence order- and size-independent manner.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: A novel method, GS-align, is developed for glycan structure alignment and similarity measurement. GS-align generates possible alignments between two glycan structures through iterative maximum clique search and fragment superposition. The optimal alignment is then determined by the maximum structural similarity score, GS-score, which is size-independent. Benchmark tests against the Protein Data Bank (PDB) N-linked glycan library and PDB homologous\/non-homologous N-glycoprotein sets indicate that GS-align is a robust computational tool to align glycan structures and quantify their structural similarity. GS-align is also applied to template-based glycan structure prediction and monosaccharide substitution matrix generation to illustrate its utility.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation: \u00a0http:\/\/www.glycanstructure.org\/gsalign.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0wonpil@ku.edu<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,10]],"date-time":"2015-04-10T00:21:15Z","timestamp":1428625275000},"page":"2653-2659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["GS-align for glycan structure alignment and similarity measurement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hui Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunhwan","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srayanta","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 School of Computational Sciences and Center for In Silico Protein Science, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Skolnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30076, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jooyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 School of Computational Sciences and Center for In Silico Protein Science, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonpil","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020202211989100_btv202-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D226","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh039","article-title":"SCOP database in 2004: refinements integrate structure and sequence family data","volume":"32","author":"Andreeva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023020202211989100_btv202-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti193","article-title":"A score matrix to reveal the hidden links in glycans","volume":"21","author":"Aoki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023020202211989100_btv202-B3","first-page":"134","article-title":"Efficient tree-matching methods for accurate carbohydrate database queries","volume":"14","author":"Aoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Inform."},{"key":"2023020202211989100_btv202-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(99)00165-8","article-title":"On the frequency of protein glycosylation, as deduced from analysis of the SWISS-PROT database","volume":"1473","author":"Apweiler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. 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