{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:21:34Z","timestamp":1759774894350},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation: DNA methylation patterns are well known to vary substantially across cell types or tissues. Hence, existing normalization methods may not be optimal if they do not take this into account. We therefore present a new R package for normalization of data from the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip (Illumina 450\u2009K) built on the concepts in the recently published funNorm method, and introducing cell-type or tissue-type flexibility.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: funtooNorm is relevant for data sets containing samples from two or more cell or tissue types. A visual display of cross-validated errors informs the choice of the optimal number of components in the normalization. Benefits of cell (tissue)-specific normalization are demonstrated in three data sets. Improvement can be substantial; it is strikingly better on chromosome X, where methylation patterns have unique inter-tissue variability.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and Implementation: An R package is available at https:\/\/github.com\/GreenwoodLab\/funtooNorm, and has been submitted to Bioconductor at http:\/\/bioconductor.org.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0celia.greenwood@mcgill.ca<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: \u00a0Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,25]],"date-time":"2015-10-25T07:00:56Z","timestamp":1445756456000},"page":"593-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["funtooNorm: an R package for normalization of DNA methylation data when there are multiple cell or tissue types"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Oros Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada,"},{"name":"2 Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Grinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada,"},{"name":"2 Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 ECOGENE-21, Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de service sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, QC G8H 3P7, Canada,"},{"name":"5 Department of Biochemistry, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Colmegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8 Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Hivert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9 Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,"},{"name":"10 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada,"},{"name":"11 Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kobor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Child, and Brain Development Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada,"},{"name":"13 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada,"},{"name":"14 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Labbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"MacIsaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada,"},{"name":"14 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Meaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health,"},{"name":"12 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Child, and Brain Development Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada,"},{"name":"13 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada,"},{"name":"15 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada,"},{"name":"16 Departments of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1,"},{"name":"17 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada,"},{"name":"14 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieran J.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Pastinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinus H.","family":"Van Ijzendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19 Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RB, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Voisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada,"},{"name":"2 Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia M.T.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada,"},{"name":"5 Department of Biochemistry, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada,"},{"name":"6 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada,"},{"name":"18 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada 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