{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:18:12Z","timestamp":1783948692259,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation Can we predict protein\u2013protein interactions (PPIs) of a novel virus with its host? Three major problems arise: the lack of known PPIs for that virus to learn from, the cost of learning about its proteins and the sequence dissimilarity among viral families that makes most methods inapplicable or inefficient. We develop DeNovo, a sequence-based negative sampling and machine learning framework that learns from PPIs of different viruses to predict for a novel one, exploiting the shared host proteins. We tested DeNovo on PPIs from different domains to assess generalization.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: By solving the challenge of generating less noisy negative interactions, DeNovo achieved accuracy up to 81 and 86% when predicting PPIs of viral proteins that have no and distant sequence similarity to the ones used for training, receptively. This result is comparable to the best achieved in single virus-host and intra-species PPI prediction cases. Thus, we can now predict PPIs for virtually any virus infecting human. DeNovo generalizes well; it achieved near optimal accuracy when tested on bacteria\u2013human interactions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Availability and implementation: Code, data and additional supplementary materials needed to reproduce this study are available at: https:\/\/bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu\/~alzahraa\/denovo.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Contact: \u00a0alzahraa@vt.edu<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T01:47:31Z","timestamp":1450403251000},"page":"1144-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["DeNovo: virus-host sequence-based protein\u2013protein interaction prediction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fatma-Elzahraa","family":"Eid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"},{"name":"2 Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"ElHefnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Research Group, Department of Informatics and Systems, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenwood S.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020112002584200_btv737-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i38","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti1016","article-title":"Kernel methods for predicting protein\u2013protein interactions","volume":"21","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023020112002584200_btv737-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-241-4_13","volume-title":"Data Mining Techniques for the Life Sciences","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023020112002584200_btv737-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D588","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku830","article-title":"VirusMentha: a new resource for virus-host protein interactions","volume":"43","author":"Calderone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023020112002584200_btv737-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27:1","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans. 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