{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1778663099528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chloroplasts are organelles found in plants and involved in several important cell processes. Similarly to other compartments in the cell, chloroplasts have an internal structure comprising several sub-compartments, where different proteins are targeted to perform their functions. Given the relation between protein function and localization, the availability of effective computational tools to predict protein sub-organelle localizations is crucial for large-scale functional studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper we present SChloro, a novel machine-learning approach to predict protein sub-chloroplastic localization, based on targeting signal detection and membrane protein information. The proposed approach performs multi-label predictions discriminating six chloroplastic sub-compartments that include inner membrane, outer membrane, stroma, thylakoid lumen, plastoglobule and thylakoid membrane. In comparative benchmarks, the proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in both single- and multi-compartment predictions, with an overall multi-label accuracy of 74%. The results demonstrate the relevance of the approach that is eligible as a good candidate for integration into more general large-scale annotation pipelines of protein subcellular localization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and Implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The method is available as web server at http:\/\/schloro.biocomp.unibo.it<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T19:07:07Z","timestamp":1476299227000},"page":"347-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["SChloro: directing <i>Viridiplantae<\/i> proteins to six chloroplastic sub-compartments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Castrense","family":"Savojardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocomputing Group, BiGeA - CIG, Interdepartmental Center \u00abLuigi Galvani\u00bb for Integrated Studies of Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocomputing Group, BiGeA - CIG, Interdepartmental Center \u00abLuigi Galvani\u00bb for Integrated Studies of Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Fariselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Casadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocomputing Group, BiGeA - CIG, Interdepartmental Center \u00abLuigi Galvani\u00bb for Integrated Studies of Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center \u00abGiorgio Prodi\u00bb for Cancer Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020204403184600_btw656-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PS I-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2023020204403184600_btw656-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(01)00149-5","article-title":"The paradox of plastid transit peptides: conservation of function despite divergence in primary structure","volume":"1541","author":"Bruce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. 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