{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1782870327085,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003382","name":"CREST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001695","name":"JST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16cm0106320h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16cm0106320h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrinsically disordered proteins lack stable 3-dimensional structure and play a crucial role in performing various biological functions. Key to their biological function are the molecular recognition features (MoRFs) located within long disordered regions. Computationally identifying these MoRFs from disordered protein sequences is a challenging task. In this study, we present a new MoRF predictor, OPAL, to identify MoRFs in disordered protein sequences. OPAL utilizes two independent sources of information computed using different component predictors. The scores are processed and combined using common averaging method. The first score is computed using a component MoRF predictor which utilizes composition and sequence similarity of MoRF and non-MoRF regions to detect MoRFs. The second score is calculated using half-sphere exposure (HSE), solvent accessible surface area (ASA) and backbone angle information of the disordered protein sequence, using information from the amino acid properties of flanks surrounding the MoRFs to distinguish MoRF and non-MoRF residues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OPAL is evaluated using test sets that were previously used to evaluate MoRF predictors, MoRFpred, MoRFchibi and MoRFchibi-web. The results demonstrate that OPAL outperforms all the available MoRF predictors and is the most accurate predictor available for MoRF prediction. It is available at http:\/\/www.alok-ai-lab.com\/tools\/opal\/.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T12:19:00Z","timestamp":1516191540000},"page":"1850-1858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["OPAL: prediction of MoRF regions in intrinsically disordered protein sequences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ronesh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Raicar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"CREST, JST, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Physics, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"CREST, JST, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012713564905100_bty032-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13468","DOI":"10.1021\/bi7012273","article-title":"Mining alpha-helix-forming molecular recognition features with cross species sequence alignments","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2023012713564905100_bty032-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i75","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts209","article-title":"MoRFpred, a computational tool for sequence-based prediction and characterization of short disorder-to-order transitioning binding regions in proteins","volume":"28","author":"Disfani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023012713564905100_bty032-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp518","article-title":"ANCHOR: web server for predicting protein binding regions in disordered proteins","volume":"25","author":"Doszt\u00e1nyi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023012713564905100_bty032-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1589","article-title":"Intrinsically unstructured proteins and their functions","volume":"6","author":"Dyson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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