{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:08:35Z","timestamp":1780650515659,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM012087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM012087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50HL084948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HL084948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL137159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL137159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HL126912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL126912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HG008540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HG008540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32EB009403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32EB009403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA082084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA082084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement Program","award":["4100062224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4100062224"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Integration of data from different modalities is a necessary step for multi-scale data analysis in many fields, including biomedical research and systems biology. Directed graphical models offer an attractive tool for this problem because they can represent both the complex, multivariate probability distributions and the causal pathways influencing the system. Graphical models learned from biomedical data can be used for classification, biomarker selection and functional analysis, while revealing the underlying network structure and thus allowing for arbitrary likelihood queries over the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper, we present and test new methods for finding directed graphs over mixed data types (continuous and discrete variables). We used this new algorithm, CausalMGM, to identify variables directly linked to disease diagnosis and progression in various multi-modal datasets, including clinical datasets from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is the third leading cause of death and a major cause of disability and thus determining the factors that cause longitudinal lung function decline is very important. Applied on a COPD dataset, mixed graphical models were able to confirm and extend previously described causal effects and provide new insights on the factors that potentially affect the longitudinal lung function decline of COPD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CausalMGM package is available on http:\/\/www.causalmgm.org.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Supplementary information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T19:56:27Z","timestamp":1536004587000},"page":"1204-1212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Mixed graphical models for integrative causal analysis with application to chronic lung disease diagnosis and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Sedgewick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Buschur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet K","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris V","family":"Manatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divay","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Karoleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank C","family":"Sciurba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Spirtes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark","family":"Glymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayiotis V","family":"Benos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201009-1414PP","article-title":"Addressing the complexity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotypes and biomarkers to scale-free networks, systems biology, and P4 medicine","volume":"183","author":"Agusti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2112096","article-title":"Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years","volume":"166","author":"Anthonisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200108000-00005","article-title":"CYP1A1 levels in lung tissue of tobacco smokers and polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"11","author":"Anttila","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001319","article-title":"Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"155","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B6","first-page":"149","article-title":"Learning Bayesian networks with mixed variables","author":"B\u00f8ttcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"In: Eighth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. Key West, Florida"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-48","article-title":"CDH1 promoter hypermethylation and E-cadherin protein expression in infiltrating breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Caldeira","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11412","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours","volume":"490","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1456","article-title":"The relationship between pulmonary emphysema and kidney function in smokers","volume":"142","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0173ED","article-title":"EnRAGEed kidneys in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?","volume":"195","author":"Chandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B11","author":"Chen","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B12","author":"Cheng","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.11.003","article-title":"GATA3 expression in breast carcinoma: utility in triple-negative, sarcomatoid, and metastatic carcinomas","volume":"44","author":"Cimino-Mathews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B14","first-page":"3741","article-title":"Order-independent constraint-based causal structure learning","volume":"15","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B15","first-page":"377","volume-title":"ECM PKDD 2016. Riva Del Garda","author":"Cui","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0034OC","article-title":"Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"186","author":"Divo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2013.02.022","article-title":"Stable graphical model estimation with Random Forests for discrete, continuous, and mixed variables","volume":"64","author":"Fellinghauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B153","first-page":"A2897","article-title":"Airway-predominant COPD is associated with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"187","author":"Hersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03451.x","article-title":"Increased intracellular T helper 1 proinflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage and intraepithelial T cells of COPD subjects","volume":"150","author":"Hodge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clini. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01413","article-title":"Respiratory microbiome profiling for etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"9","author":"Kitsios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B20","volume-title":"Deaths: final data for 2009","author":"Kochanek","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070220","article-title":"Refining susceptibility loci of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with lung eqtls","volume":"8","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B23","first-page":"388","article-title":"Structure learning of mixed graphical models","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B24","first-page":"3065","article-title":"High-dimensional learning of linear causal networks via inverse covariance estimation","volume":"15","author":"Loh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.102574","article-title":"Evaluation of serum CC-16 as a biomarker for COPD in the ECLIPSE cohort","volume":"63","author":"Lomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i848","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty591","article-title":"piMGM: Incorporating multi-source priors in mixed graphical models for learning disease networks","volume":"34","author":"Manatakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Proc ECCB)"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.068379","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the older adult: what defines abnormal lung function?","volume":"62","author":"Mannino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(75)90109-9","article-title":"Comparison of the predicted and observed secondary structure of T4 phage lysozyme","volume":"405","author":"Matthews","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x","article-title":"Stability selection","volume":"72","author":"Meinshausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Royal Stat. Soc. B Stat. Meth"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1370","article-title":"Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes","volume":"27","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1765OC","article-title":"A pilot study linking endothelial injury in lungs and kidneys in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"195","author":"Polverino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B32","first-page":"938","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-018-0104-3","article-title":"Comparison of strategies for scalable causal discovery of latent variable models from mixed data","volume":"6","author":"Raghu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Sci. Anal"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B152","first-page":"48","article-title":"Evaluation of causal structure learning methods on mixed data types","volume":"92","author":"Raghu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Mach. Learn. Res"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B151","first-page":"A5827","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in spiromics","volume":"189","author":"Ramos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-995OC","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of infliximab in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"175","author":"Rennard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2005.10.004","article-title":"Learning hybrid Bayesian networks using mixtures of truncated exponentials","volume":"42","author":"Romero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Approx. Reason"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-1039-0","article-title":"Learning mixed graphical models with separate sparsity parameters and stability-based model selection","volume":"17","author":"Sedgewick","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2011.01034.x","article-title":"Variable selection with error control: another look at stability selection","volume":"75","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B Stat. Meth"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01984.x","article-title":"RAGE: a new frontier in chronic airways disease","volume":"167","author":"Sukkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.6.8665038","article-title":"Methacholine reactivity predicts changes in lung function over time in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lung Health Study Research Group","volume":"153","author":"Tashkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-006-6889-7","article-title":"The max-min hill-climbing bayesian network structure learning algorithm","volume":"65","author":"Tsamardinos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mach. Learn"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B41","first-page":"689","article-title":"Learning mixed graphical models from data with p larger than n","author":"Tur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B42","volume-title":"Learning high-dimensional mixed graphical models with missing values. In: Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGM) 2012","author":"Tur","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12932","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.452953","article-title":"Human cytochrome P450 1A1 structure and utility in understanding drug and xenobiotic metabolism","volume":"288","author":"Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203830","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPD","volume":"367","author":"Wells","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621375114","article-title":"Unifying mechanism for different fibrotic diseases","volume":"114","author":"Wernig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B46","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Mixed graphical models via exponential families","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn Res"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0137PP","article-title":"Circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) as a biomarker of emphysema and the RAGE axis in the lung","volume":"192","author":"Yonchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"2023013107273780100_bty769-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.03.030","article-title":"Integrated systems approach identifies genetic nodes and networks in late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Bioinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/35\/7\/1204\/48968115\/bioinformatics_35_7_1204.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article-pdf\/35\/7\/1204\/48968115\/bioinformatics_35_7_1204.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T10:29:18Z","timestamp":1675160958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioinformatics\/article\/35\/7\/1204\/5091182"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-4803","type":"print"},{"value":"1367-4811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]}}}