{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T13:35:33Z","timestamp":1780925733297,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["NRF-2018M3C9A5064709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018M3C9A5064709"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A2025079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A2025079"]}]},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["NRF-2019M3A9B6065192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019M3A9B6065192"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immune system has diverse types of cells that are differentiated or activated via various signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation upon challenging conditions. Immunophenotyping by flow and mass cytometry are the major approaches for identifying key signaling molecules and transcription factors directing the transition between the functional states of immune cells. However, few proteins can be evaluated by flow cytometry in a single experiment, preventing researchers from obtaining a comprehensive picture of the molecular programs involved in immune cell differentiation. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have enabled unbiased genome-wide quantification of gene expression in individual cells on a large scale, providing a new and versatile analytical pipeline for studying immune cell differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present VirtualCytometry, a web-based computational pipeline for evaluating immune cell differentiation by exploiting cell-to-cell variation in gene expression with scRNA-seq data. Differentiating cells often show a continuous spectrum of cellular states rather than distinct populations. VirtualCytometry enables the identification of cellular subsets for different functional states of differentiation based on the expression of marker genes. Case studies have highlighted the usefulness of this subset analysis strategy for discovering signaling molecules and transcription factors for human T-cell exhaustion, a state of T-cell dysfunction, in tumor and mouse dendritic cells activated by pathogens. With more than 226 scRNA-seq datasets precompiled from public repositories covering diverse mouse and human immune cell types in normal and disease tissues, VirtualCytometry is a useful resource for the molecular dissection of immune cell differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Availability and implementation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>www.grnpedia.org\/cytometry<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T11:13:48Z","timestamp":1564658028000},"page":"546-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["VirtualCytometry: a webserver for evaluating immune cell differentiation using single-cell RNA sequencing data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kyungsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunmo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Jun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013112071691900_btz610-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D781","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx949","article-title":"SCPortalen: human and mouse single-cell centric database","volume":"46","author":"Abugessaisa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2023013112071691900_btz610-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2015.1128876","article-title":"Flow cytometry: basic principles and applications","volume":"37","author":"Adan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. 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