{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:23:49Z","timestamp":1782390229336,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72072169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72072169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71702080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71702080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61772463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education","award":["17YJC630071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17YJC630071"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Painters arrange white space in contrast with chromatic space composed of strokes. This research measures white space, color complexity and stroke density in Chinese ink paintings and examines how these attributes influence the paintings\u2019 perceived complexity. Empirical evidence from 21 well-known modern Chinese artists\u2019 ink paintings shows that white space decreases paintings\u2019 complexity, while chromatic space and stroke density increase complexity. We also reveal that a large rate of white space guides the viewers\u2019 attention on chromatic space and enhances the impacts of color complexity and stroke density on perceived complexity. An eye-tracker measures viewers\u2019 elaboration duration on each painting, which provides consistent evidence to validate our conclusion based on subjective reported visual complexity. Our research provides insights into the rhetorical role of white space in sensory information processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxab035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T11:34:32Z","timestamp":1620646472000},"page":"1964-1976","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Measuring and Evaluating the Visual Complexity Of Chinese Ink Paintings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Zhen-Bao","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science , The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. 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