{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:58:10Z","timestamp":1781279890494,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Waterloo Institute for Quantum Computing"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2016-05146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-05146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2016-05146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-05146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2L 165-180499\/001\/sv"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2L 165-180499\/001\/sv"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Global efforts such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\u2019s post-quantum standardization center on cryptographic primitives like public-key encryption and signature schemes that are secure even in the presence of quantum adversaries. In addition, one must also consider efficient certificate management as new technologies like the Internet of Things and 5G wireless networks rely on them. For example, the IEEE Standard for vehicle-to-vehicle communication depends on implicit certificates. However, the only efficient construction available is over elliptic curves, and hence not quantum-secure. This paper investigates approaches to construct implicit certificate schemes from lattices, employing the NIST Round 3 signature schemes Dilithium and Falcon. We consider emulation of the existing implicit certificate scheme and proceed to more innovative techniques like combining the two schemes or pairing them with encryption. Unfortunately, we encounter problems with each design, due to recurring causes like conflicting secret key and signature sizes, unique sampler requirements and the rigidity of the parameter sets. By explaining each of these issues, this paper will hopefully spark ideas for more successful constructions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxac132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T06:18:16Z","timestamp":1667024296000},"page":"1320-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Need for Being Explicit: Failed Attempts to Construct Implicit Certificates from Lattices"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Bindel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SandboxAQ, Palo Alto , CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref1","author":"NIST","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref2","first-page":"22","volume-title":"International Conf. Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Kaoshiung, Taiwan","author":"Ducas","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref3","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Post-Quantum Cryptography, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States","author":"Bert","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1145\/1536414.1536440","volume-title":"Proc. 41st Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Bethesda, Maryland, United States","author":"Gentry","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref5","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Singapore, Singapore","author":"Stehl\u00e9","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref6","volume-title":"Technical report","author":"Prest","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref7","volume-title":"Technical report","author":"Lyubashevsky","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref8","volume-title":"Status report on the third round of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process","author":"NISTIR-8413","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref9","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Financial Cryptography, Grand Cayman, British West Indies","author":"Brown","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref10","article-title":"Some new efficient implicit certificate schemes","author":"Qu","journal-title":"Preprint."},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref11","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Financial Cryptography, Anguilla, British West Indies","author":"Pintsov","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref12","volume-title":"Standard","author":"IEEE Std. 1363a-2004","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref13","volume-title":"Standard","author":"ISO\/IEC 9796-3:2006","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref14","volume-title":"Public key cryptography for the financial services industry - digital signature algorithms giving partial message recovery - part 1: Elliptic curve pintsov-vanstone signatures (ecpvs)","author":"ANSI X9.92-1-2009 (R2017)","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref15","volume-title":"Attack on ECDSA with original optimal mail certificates","author":"Qu","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref16","volume-title":"Attack on ECQV-certified ECDSA","author":"Kravitz","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref17","first-page":"458","volume-title":"International Workshop on Public Key Cryptography, Beijing, China","author":"Boldyreva","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref18","article-title":"Security of ECQV-certified ECDSA against passive adversaries. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009\/620","author":"Brown","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref19","volume-title":"Elliptic curve qu-vanstone implicit certificate scheme (ECQV)","author":"Certicom Research: SEC 4","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref20","article-title":"Extension of elliptic curve qu\u2013vanstone certificates and their applications","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inform. Security Appl."},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref21","volume-title":"IEEE standard for wireless access in vehicular environments-security services for applications and management messages","author":"IEEE Std. 1609.2","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref22","volume-title":"IEEE standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE)\u2013certificate management interfaces for end entities","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref23","volume-title":"Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments","author":"IEEE Std. 802.11p-2010","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1145\/3011077.3011108","volume-title":"Proc. 7th Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam","author":"Ha","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref25","volume-title":"Drive (quantum) safe! - towards post-quantum security for v2v communications. Cryptology ePrint Archive","author":"Bindel","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1137\/0217017","article-title":"A digital signature scheme secure against adaptive chosen-message attacks","volume":"17","author":"Goldwasser","year":"1988","journal-title":"SIAM J. Comput."},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/11496137_10","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Applied Cryptography and Network Security, New York, NY, USA","author":"Pornin","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref28","first-page":"2165","volume-title":"Proc. 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conf. Computer and Communications Security, London, UK","author":"Jackson","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref29","volume-title":"The provable security of Ed25519: theory and practice. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2020\/823","author":"Brendel","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49162-7_12","volume-title":"Int. Workshop on Public Key Cryptography, Kamakura, Japan","author":"Blake-Wilson","year":"1999"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DESI.0000036250.18062.3f","article-title":"Security of signature schemes in a multi-user setting","volume":"33","author":"Menezes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Des. Codes Cryptogr."},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref32","first-page":"1696","volume-title":"42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2021, San Francisco, CA, USA, 24\u201327 May 2021","author":"Cremers","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref33","volume-title":"Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. RFC 5280 (Proposed Standard)","author":"Cooper","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59879-6_22","volume-title":"Int. Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography, Daejeon, Korea","author":"Bindel","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref35","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Cryptology and information security series","author":"Kiltz","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref36","first-page":"853","volume-title":"Proc. 15th ACM Asia Conf. Computer and Communications Security, Taipei, Taiwan","author":"Chuengsatiansup","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref37","author":"liboqs sig performance"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref38","first-page":"186","volume-title":"Conf. Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques, Santa Barbara, CA, United States","author":"Fiat","year":"1986"},{"key":"2023062312054297000_ref39","author":"Schwabe","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The Computer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article-pdf\/66\/6\/1320\/50684662\/bxac132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article-pdf\/66\/6\/1320\/50684662\/bxac132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T22:03:48Z","timestamp":1687644228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article\/66\/6\/1320\/6779419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/comjnl\/bxac132","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4620","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]}}}