{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:44:23Z","timestamp":1783010663047,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22ZR1481000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1481000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ZR1419700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1419700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Off-chain payment channel network is an effective solution to deal with low throughput and high load on the blockchain. However, the quality of the routing scheme will directly affect the performance of the off-chain network system. Existing routing schemes cannot select an appropriate transaction path according to the actual needs of user nodes. And they may also lead to network congestion, channel imbalance and node centralization. This paper proposes a new balanced routing selection scheme based on weight calculation called BRBW, which builds a weight model by Analytic Hierarchy Process. BRBW comprehensively considers the channel capacity, handling fee and path length to improve transaction success rate, reduce channel congestion and maintain the long-term sustainability of the payment channel. It uses a modified maximum flow algorithm to find paths with sufficient capacity and selects the transaction path for a large payment through linear programming. Finally, we do some experiments and compare with state-of-the-art approaches in the test environment. Simulation results show that under the same network environment, the payment success rate of the BRBW is above 75%, and the channel utilization rate is about 10% higher than other schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxad029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1680697387000},"page":"907-922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Balanced Off-Chain Payment Channel Network Routing Strategy Based On Weight Calculation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyv","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering , Shanghai University , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref1","article-title":"Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxaa119","article-title":"A Blockchain-based framework for IoT data monetization services","volume":"64","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2021.3049477","article-title":"Toward next generation of Blockchain using improvized bitcoin-NG","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref4","first-page":"123","article-title":"Towards scaling blockchain systems via sharding","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD Conference 2019","author":"Dang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref5","article-title":"The bitcoin lightning network: scalable off-chain instant payments. https:\/\/lightning.network\/lightning-network-paper.Pdf","author":"Poon","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref6","volume-title":"Raiden network"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref7","volume-title":"Ripple website"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref8","article-title":"Flare: an approach to routing in lightning network","volume":"144","author":"Prihodko","year":"2016","journal-title":"White Paper"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref9","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Silentwhispers: enforcing security and privacy in decentralized credit networks","volume":"2016","author":"Malavolta","year":"2016","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23252","article-title":"Settling payments fast and private: Efficient decentralized routing for path-based transactions","volume-title":"25th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2018","author":"Roos","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref11","article-title":"Celer network: Bring internet scale to every blockchain","author":"Dong","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365411","article-title":"Flash: efficient dynamic routing for offchain networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments And Technologies, CoNEXT 2019","author":"Wang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref13","first-page":"132","article-title":"A multi person offline payment scheme supporting high concurrency","volume":"44","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref14","first-page":"777","article-title":"High throughput cryptocurrency routing in payment channel networks","volume-title":"17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2020","author":"Sivaraman","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref15","first-page":"13411","article-title":"Hide&seek: Privacy-preserving rebalancing on payment channel networks","volume-title":"26th Financial Cryptography and Data Security, FC 2022","author":"Avarikioti","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref16","first-page":"59","article-title":"The merchant: Avoiding payment channel depletion through incentives","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures, DAPPS 2021, Online Event","author":"Van Engelshoven","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134033","article-title":"Revive: Rebalancing Off-Blockchain Payment Networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2017","author":"Khalil","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref18","first-page":"201","article-title":"SoK: Layer-Two Blockchain Protocols","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security \u2013 24th International Conference, FC 2020","author":"Gudgeon","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coinexpress: A fast payment routing mechanism in blockchain-based payment channel networks","volume-title":"27th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks,Hangzhou,China","author":"Yu","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cheapay: An optimal algorithm for fee minimization in blockchain-based payment channel networks","volume-title":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2019","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.12.009","article-title":"Improving transaction success rate in cryptocurrency payment channel networks","volume":"166","author":"Mercan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref22","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Routing payments on the lightning network","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on iThings\/GreenCom\/CPSCom\/SmartData 2018","author":"Di Stasi","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref23","first-page":"43","article-title":"VEIN: High Scalability Routing Algorithm for Blockchain-based Payment Channel Networks","volume-title":"20th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2021","author":"Gong","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref24","volume-title":"Introduction to Algorithms","author":"Cormen","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref25","volume-title":"Onion Routed Micropayments for the Lightning Network"},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxaa196","article-title":"Efficient algorithms for storage load balancing of outsourced data in blockchain network","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"2024041716571889100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of small-world networks","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["The Computer Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article-pdf\/67\/3\/907\/57231686\/bxad029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article-pdf\/67\/3\/907\/57231686\/bxad029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T19:59:44Z","timestamp":1713383984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/comjnl\/article\/67\/3\/907\/7085478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/comjnl\/bxad029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4620","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]}}}