{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T16:52:49Z","timestamp":1755795169902,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB0800204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0800204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Blockchain-based data transaction protocols augmented with zero-knowledge proofs offer fairness to the participants, yet they encounter challenges pertaining to both security and efficiency. We propose the zk-DSTARK, a zk-STARK-based protocol that enables distributed generation of zero-knowledge proofs, significantly reducing the computational burden. And zk-DSTARK inherits zk-STARK\u2019s feature of single proof generation for multiple uses, improving the efficiency of successive transactions. Furthermore, we propose a fair exchange system named zk-DCIAExchange for off-chain verification, which is based on zk-DSTARK and intel software guard extensions (SGX). This system not only minimizes on-chain overhead but also ensures the security and fairness of the transaction. Experimental results show that, in continuous transactions scenarios, the time overhead for subsequent transactions is diminished by 99.9% compared to the first transaction; compared to zero knowledge contingent payment (ZKCSP), our scheme achieves a remarkable 92% reduction in time overhead, and a 26.3% reduction when compared to FairSwap; with 32 distributed nodes and a trace length of 216, the proof generation time is reduced by ~85.45%; the additional verification time introduced by the SGX is ~0.45\u00a0s, which is deemed acceptable, and the on-chain verification overhead is reduced by ~7.2% compared to the ZKCSP and ~54.4% compared to FairSwap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxaf010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T07:14:20Z","timestamp":1737962060000},"page":"872-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["zk-DCIAExchange: SGX protected fair exchange with distributed zero knowledge proof for data confidentiality and authentication"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Trusted Computing , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-0027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9525-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4110-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Trusted Computing , Beijing 100124 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Fairness in Electronic Commerce[D]","year":"1998","author":"Asokan","key":"2025081702465941900_ref1"},{"article-title":"Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, Bitcoin","year":"2008","author":"Nakamoto","key":"2025081702465941900_ref2"},{"first-page":"1395","volume-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)","author":"Guan","key":"2025081702465941900_ref3"},{"volume-title":"Zero Knowledge Contingent Payment","year":"2011","author":"Maxwell","key":"2025081702465941900_ref4"},{"first-page":"229","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","author":"Campanelli","key":"2025081702465941900_ref5"},{"first-page":"769","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology\u2013EUROCRYPT 2020: 39th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Zagreb, Croatia, May 10\u201314, 2020, Proceedings, Part I 39","author":"Chiesa","key":"2025081702465941900_ref6"},{"first-page":"677","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology\u2013EUROCRYPT 2020: 39th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Zagreb, Croatia, May 10\u201314, 2020, Proceedings, Part I 39","author":"B\u00fcnz","key":"2025081702465941900_ref7"},{"first-page":"224","volume-title":"2022 IEEE 42nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS)","author":"Song","key":"2025081702465941900_ref8"},{"first-page":"90","volume-title":"Annual cryptology conference","author":"Ben-Sasson","key":"2025081702465941900_ref9"},{"first-page":"626","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology\u2013EUROCRYPT 2013: 32nd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Athens, Greece, May 26\u201330, 2013. 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