{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:05:24Z","timestamp":1772690724297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":168,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PCIN-2014-133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIN-2014-133"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PCIN-2015-238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIN-2015-238"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PCIN2017-076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIN2017-076"]}]},{"name":"CIBERfes and ISCIII project","award":["AC19\/00096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC19\/00096"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat de Catalunya\u2019s Agency AGAUR","award":["2017 SGR 1546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 1546"]}]},{"name":"ICREA Academia Award and the EIT Health Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000811","name":"European Institute of Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FJCI2015-26590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJCI2015-26590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutrition research can be conducted by using two complementary approaches: (i) traditional self-reporting methods or (ii) via metabolomics techniques to analyze food intake biomarkers in biofluids. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these two very different types of data often hinder their analysis and integration. To manage this challenge, we have developed a novel ontology that describes food and their associated metabolite entities in a hierarchical way. This ontology uses a formal naming system, category definitions, properties and relations between both types of data. The ontology presented is called FOBI (Food-Biomarker Ontology) and it is composed of two interconnected sub-ontologies. One is a \u2019Food Ontology\u2019 consisting of raw foods and \u2018multi-component foods\u2019 while the second is a \u2018Biomarker Ontology\u2019 containing food intake biomarkers classified by their chemical classes. These two sub-ontologies are conceptually independent but interconnected by different properties. This allows data and information regarding foods and food biomarkers to be visualized in a bidirectional way, going from metabolomics to nutritional data or vice versa. Potential applications of this ontology include the annotation of foods and biomarkers using a well-defined and consistent nomenclature, the standardized reporting of metabolomics workflows (e.g. metabolite identification, experimental design) or the application of different enrichment analysis approaches to analyze nutrimetabolomic data. Availability: FOBI is freely available in both OWL (Web Ontology Language) and OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies) formats at the project\u2019s Github repository (https:\/\/github.com\/pcastellanoescuder\/FoodBiomarkerOntology) and FOBI visualization tool is available in https:\/\/polcastellano.shinyapps.io\/FOBI_Visualization_Tool\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/databa\/baaa033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T06:43:28Z","timestamp":1592376208000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["FOBI: an ontology to represent food intake data and associate it with metabolomic data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Pol","family":"Castellano-Escuder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Wishart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Andr\u00e9s-Lacueva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Pla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061702432211800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6622-6_6","article-title":"Working with ontologies","volume":"1525","author":"Kramer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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