{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:15:43Z","timestamp":1780992943540,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2021M692476 and 2021TQ0254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692476 and 2021TQ0254"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0903702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0903702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:label\/>\n                  <jats:p>We previously released the Anti-CRISPRdb database hosting anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) and associated information. Since then, the number of known Acr families, types, structures and inhibitory activities has accumulated over time, and Acr neighbors can be used as a candidate pool for screening Acrs in further studies. Therefore, we here updated the database to include the new available information. Our newly updated database shows several improvements: (i) it comprises more entries and families because it includes both Acrs reported in the most recent literatures and Acrs obtained via performing homologous alignment; (ii) the prediction of Acr neighbors is integrated into Anti-CRISPRdb v2.2, and users can identify novel Acrs from these candidates; and (iii) this version includes experimental information on the inhibitory strength and stage for Acr-Cas\/Acr-CRISPR pairs, motivating the development of tools for predicting specific inhibitory abilities. Additionally, a parameter, the rank of codon usage bias (CUBRank), was proposed and provided in the new version, which showed a positive relationship with predicted result from AcRanker; hence, it can be used as an indicator for proteins to be Acrs. CUBRank can be used to estimate the possibility of genes occurring within genome island\u2015a hotspot hosting potential genes encoding Acrs. Based on CUBRank and Anti-CRISPRdb, we also gave the first glimpse for the emergence of Acr genes (acrs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Database URL<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>http:\/\/guolab.whu.edu.cn\/anti-CRISPRdb<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baac010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T12:09:02Z","timestamp":1645445342000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Anti-CRISPRdb v2.2: an online repository of anti-CRISPR proteins including information on inhibitory mechanisms, activities and neighbors of curated anti-CRISPR proteins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6164-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Kai","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candy-S","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Worthington High School, 300 West Granville Road, Worthington, OH 43085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shixin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Biao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 185, Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032914355815200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11723","article-title":"Bacteriophage genes that inactivate the CRISPR\/Cas bacterial immune system","volume":"493","author":"Bondy-Denomy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022032914355815200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0692-2","article-title":"Broad-spectrum anti-CRISPR proteins facilitate horizontal gene transfer","volume":"5","author":"Mahendra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"2022032914355815200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.120","article-title":"Anti-CRISPR: discovery, mechanism and function","volume":"16","author":"Pawluk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2022032914355815200_R4","article-title":"Distribution, molecular evolution, and mutational scanning of the anti-CRISPR family AcrIF7 reveal conservation, key residues for the protein function and a putative alternative binding mode to Cas8f","author":"Figueroa","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2022032914355815200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.85","article-title":"Inactivation of CRISPR-Cas systems by anti-CRISPR proteins in diverse bacterial species","volume":"1","author":"Pawluk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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