{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:38:03Z","timestamp":1773801483035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":132,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002749","name":"Belgian Science Policy Office","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B2\/202\/P2 BOFSTG2018000701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2\/202\/P2 BOFSTG2018000701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Special Research Fund through the BOF","award":["BOFSTG2018000701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOFSTG2018000701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wood identification is a key step in the enforcement of laws and regulations aimed at combatting illegal timber trade. Robust wood identification tools, capable of distinguishing a large number of timbers, depend on a solid database of reference material. Reference material for wood identification is typically curated in botanical collections dedicated to wood consisting of samples of secondary xylem of lignified plants. Specimens from the Tervuren Wood Collection, one of the large institutional wood collections around the world, are used as a source of tree species data with potential application as timber. Here, we present SmartWoodID, a database of high-resolution optical scans of the end-grain surfaces enriched with expert wood anatomical descriptions of macroscopic features. These can serve as annotated training data to develop interactive identification keys and artificial intelligence for computer vision\u2013based wood identification. The first edition of the database consists of images of 1190 taxa, with a focus on potential timber species from the Democratic Republic of the Congo with at least four different specimens per species included.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Database URL https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12624\/SmartWoodID_first_edition<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baad034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T16:14:39Z","timestamp":1683994479000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["SmartWoodID\u2014an image collection of large end-grain surfaces to support wood identification systems"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5736-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"De Blaere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Lievens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Van Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Deklerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jodrell laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens , Kew, Richmond, London TW9 3A, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"De Mil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge) , Passage des D\u00e9port\u00e9s 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wannes","family":"Hubau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"},{"name":"UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Van Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Bourland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Verwaeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGent-KERMIT, Research Unit Knowledge-based, Predictive and Spatio-temporal Modelling, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Van den Bulcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Beeckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa , Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren 3080, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051316142538500_R1","article-title":"Illegal Wood for the European Market: An Analysis of the EU Import and Export of Illegal Wood and Related Products","author":"Hirschberger","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R2","article-title":"Tackling illegal logging and the related trade","volume-title":"What Prog. where next","author":"Hoare","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R3","article-title":"An INTERPOL Perspective on Law Enforcement in Illegal Logging","author":"Magrath","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14176","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-021-01257-8","article-title":"Illegal logging, governance effectiveness and carbon dioxide emission in the timber-producing countries of Congo Basin and Asia","volume":"23","author":"Piabuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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Sustain."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp3.10164","article-title":"WorldForestID: addressing the need for standardized wood reference collections to support authentication analysis technologies; a way forward for checking the origin and identity of traded timber","volume":"3","author":"Gasson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants, People, Planet"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-90000051","article-title":"Inside Wood\u2013A web resource for hardwood anatomy","volume":"32","author":"Wheeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iawa J."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-90000050","article-title":"Wood anatomy of CITES-listed tree species","volume":"32","author":"Gasson","year":"2011","journal-title":"IAWA J."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-20160151","article-title":"IAWA list of microscopic bark features","volume":"37","author":"Angyalossy","year":"2016","journal-title":"IAWA J."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R9","article-title":"IAWA List of Microcopie Features for Hardwood Identification","volume-title":"IAWA journal\/International Association of Wood Anatomists","author":"Wheeler","year":"1989"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-90000349","article-title":"IAWA list of microscopic features for softwood identification","volume":"25","author":"Richter","year":"2004","journal-title":"IAWA J."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1163\/22941932-00000096","article-title":"Review of macroscopic features for hardwood and softwood identification and a proposal for a new character list","volume":"36","author":"Ruffinatto","year":"2015","journal-title":"IAWA J."},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R12","article-title":"Wood anatomy-the role of macroscopic and microscopic wood identification against illegal logging","author":"Koch","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biw129","article-title":"Opportunities for improved transparency in the timber trade through scientific verification","volume":"66","author":"Lowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"2023051316142538500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10086-002-0471-0","article-title":"Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to wood discrimination","volume":"49","author":"Tsuchikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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