{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:00:06Z","timestamp":1792598406861,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006477","name":"National Taiwan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTU-ERP-106R880803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTU-ERP-106R880803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006477","name":"National Taiwan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTU-CDP-106R7820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTU-CDP-106R7820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 105-3011-F-002-010-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-3011-F-002-010-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 106-2321-B-002-041-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2321-B-002-041-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 106-2911-I-002-533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2911-I-002-533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 106-2622-B-002-008-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2622-B-002-008-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Breathomics is a special branch of metabolomics that quantifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from collected exhaled breath samples. Understanding how breath molecules are related to diseases, mechanisms and pathways identified from experimental analytical measurements is challenging due to the lack of an organized resource describing breath molecules, related references and biomedical information embedded in the literature. To provide breath VOCs, related references and biomedical information, we aim to organize a database composed of manually curated information and automatically extracted biomedical information. First, VOCs-related disease information was manually organized from 207 literature linked to 99 VOCs and known Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Then an automated text mining algorithm was used to extract biomedical information from this literature. In the end, the manually curated information and auto-extracted biomedical information was combined to form a breath molecule database\u2014the Human Breathomics Database (HBDB). We first manually curated and organized disease information including MeSH term from 207 literatures associated with 99 VOCs. Then, an automatic pipeline of text mining approach was used to collect 2766 literatures and extract biomedical information from breath researches. We combined curated information with automatically extracted biomedical information to assemble a breath molecule database, the HBDB. The HBDB is a database that includes references, VOCs and diseases associated with human breathomics. Most of these VOCs were detected in human breath samples or exhaled breath condensate samples. So far, the database contains a total of 913 VOCs in relation to human exhaled breath researches reported in 2766 publications. The HBDB is the most comprehensive HBDB of VOCs in human exhaled breath to date. It is a useful and organized resource for researchers and clinicians to identify and further investigate potential biomarkers from the breath of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Database URL: https:\/\/hbdb.cmdm.tw<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baz139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T14:02:25Z","timestamp":1574085745000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Human Breathomics Database"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Tien-Chueh","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-En","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia A","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Han","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Tsung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciao-Sin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chieh","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital\u2014Yunlin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Road, Douliu, Yunlin County 640, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Chi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Hua","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng Jane","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 2, Syu-Jhou Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Research Center, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 33, Linsen S. Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.08.001","article-title":"Exhaled molecular fingerprinting in diagnosis and monitoring: validating volatile promises","volume":"21","author":"Boots","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.004","article-title":"Breathomics in the setting of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"138","author":"Bos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0781","article-title":"Breathomics in lung disease","volume":"147","author":"van der Schee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00127-9","article-title":"Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans","volume":"729","author":"Phillips","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/1\/014001","article-title":"A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body","volume":"8","author":"De Lacy Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.08.031","article-title":"GC\u2013MS analysis of breath odor compounds in liver patients","volume":"875","author":"Van den Velde","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.03.004","article-title":"Volatile biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis in the breath","volume":"87","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9809140","article-title":"Increased 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, in exhaled condensate of asthma patients","volume":"160","author":"Montuschi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. 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Anal."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2174\/092986732205150112104411","article-title":"Oxidative stress in COPD: molecular background and clinical monitoring","volume":"22","author":"Antus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/562862","article-title":"Eicosanoids in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with primary lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Ciebiada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"2020012408164373200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1021\/ar400070m","article-title":"Sensors for breath testing: from nanomaterials to comprehensive disease detection","volume":"47","author":"Konvalina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. 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