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Owing to these unique advantages, CRISPR technology has the transformative potential to elucidate biological mechanisms and develop clinical treatments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and applications of CRISPR technology. After describing the three primary CRISPR-Cas systems \u2014 CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and Cas12a targeting DNA, and Cas13 targeting RNA \u2014 which serve as the cornerstone for technological advancements, we describe a series of novel CRISPR-Cas systems that offer new avenues for research, and then explore the applications of CRISPR technology in large-scale genetic screening, lineage tracing, genetic diagnosis, and gene therapy. As this technology evolves, it holds significant promise for studying gene functions and treating human diseases in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T22:47:21Z","timestamp":1745448441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CRISPR Technology and Its Emerging Applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0693-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101,","place":["China"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3228-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101,","place":["China"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091921101633000_qzaf034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2015.12.001","article-title":"Genome editing and its applications in model organisms","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025091921101633000_qzaf034-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.042","article-title":"Past, present, and future of CRISPR genome editing technologies","volume":"187","author":"Pacesa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025091921101633000_qzaf034-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225829","article-title":"A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial 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