{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1774187542005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":236,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Genome Science + Technology Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human populations have substantial genetic diversity, but the extent of epigenetic diversity remains unclear, as population-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) has only been studied for \u223c 3.0% of CpGs. In this study, we quantified DNAm using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and analyzed it alongside whole-genome genotype data to provide a more comprehensive view of population-specific DNAm. Using a co-methylated region (CMR) approach, 36,657 CMRs were identified in WGBS data from 62 lymphoblastoid B-cell line (LCL) samples, with subsequent validation in a combined array dataset of 326 LCL samples. Between individuals of European and African ancestry, 101 CMRs exhibited population-specific DNAm patterns (Pop-CMRs), including 91 Pop-CMRs not reported in previous investigations. These regions spanned genes (e.g., CCDC42, GYPE, MAP3K20, and OBI1) related to diseases (e.g., malaria infection and diabetes) with differing prevalence and incidence between populations. Over half of the Pop-CMRs were associated with genetic variants, displaying population-specific allele frequencies and primarily mapped to genes involved in metabolic and infectious processes. Additionally, subsets of Pop-CMRs were applicable in East Asian populations and peripheral blood-based tissues. This study highlights genome-wide DNAm differences between populations and examines their associations with genetic varation and biological relevance, advancing our understanding of epigenetic contributions to population specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzaf096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T03:35:21Z","timestamp":1763004921000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinct Co-methylation Patterns in African and European Populations and Their Genetic Associations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2850-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Gladish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7226-1096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie P Y","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1619-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keegan","family":"Korthauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4140-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S","family":"Kobor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032209020130300_qzaf096-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.10.001","article-title":"Impact of historic migrations and evolutionary processes on human immunity","volume":"40","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Andr\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026032209020130300_qzaf096-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-00305-9","article-title":"The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Benton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026032209020130300_qzaf096-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.03.006","article-title":"The genomics of 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