{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T13:55:20Z","timestamp":1752674120583,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1552598","IIS-1433228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1552598","IIS-1433228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gesture recognition algorithms help designers create intelligent user interfaces for a number of application areas. However, these recognition algorithms are usually designed to recognize the gestures of adults, not children, and as such they generally do not perform as well for children as adults. Recognition of younger children\u2019s gestures is particularly poor when compared to recognition of older children\u2019s and adults\u2019 gestures. Researchers have begun to examine the aspects of children\u2019s gesture articulation patterns that make recognition difficult. This paper extends the initial work examining child-specific recognition approaches by considering general-purpose approaches and how they might apply to the problem of recognizing children\u2019s touchscreen gestures. This paper presents a survey of existing recognition and analysis techniques for gestures of both adults and children from a human-centered perspective, highlighting ways in which improved recognition can lead to a better experience for children using touchscreen gestures in a variety of contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwab009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T12:52:40Z","timestamp":1616676760000},"page":"524-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Survey on Applying Automated Recognition of Touchscreen Stroke Gestures to Children\u2019s Input"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref1","first-page":"721","volume-title":"Proc. science and information conf.","author":"Abdul Aziz","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309278","article-title":"Touch-screen technology usage in toddlers","volume":"101","author":"Ahearne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref3","first-page":"1324","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. document analysis and recognition","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1997.620583","article-title":"Combining multiple representations and classifiers for pen-based handwritten digit recognition","author":"Alimoglu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. 4th int. conf. on document analysis and recognition"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref5","first-page":"15","volume-title":"AAAI Fall Symposium","author":"Anderson","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1075\/gs.4.13and","volume-title":"Integrating Gestures: The Interdisciplinary Nature of Gesture","author":"Andr\u00e9n","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.02.005","article-title":"Physical dimensions of children\u2019s touchscreen interactions: lessons from five years of study on the MTAGIC project","volume":"128","author":"Anthony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2016.01.002","article-title":"Children (and adults) benefit from visual feedback during gesture interaction on mobile touchscreen devices","volume":"6","author":"Anthony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Child Comput. Interact."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485775","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children (IDC \u201813)","author":"Anthony","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1145\/2396636.2396671","volume-title":"Proc. ACM int. conf. on interactive tabletops and surfaces (ITS \u201812)","author":"Anthony","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref11","first-page":"87","article-title":"Understanding the consistency of users\u2019 pen and finger stroke gesture articulation","author":"Anthony","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. graphics interface (GI \u201813)"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref12","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Proc. graphics interface (GI \u201812)","author":"Anthony","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref13","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Proc. graphics interface (GI \u201810)","author":"Anthony","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2012.04.003","article-title":"A paradigm for handwriting-based intelligent tutors","volume":"70","author":"Anthony","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref15","first-page":"2289","article-title":"Using strokes as command shortcuts: Cognitive benefits and toolkit support","author":"Appert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. int. conf. hum. factors comput. syst."},{"year":"2018","author":"Apps in My Pocket Ltd","key":"2021070808100468800_ref16"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref17","article-title":"Recognizing multistroke geometric shapes","author":"Apte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. 6th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, UIST \u201893"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485804","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children (IDC \u201813)","author":"Arif","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177699147","article-title":"Statistical inference for probabilistic functions of finite state Markov chains","volume":"37","author":"Baum","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.38.8.716","article-title":"On the theory of dynamic programming","volume":"38","author":"Bellman","year":"1952","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref21","first-page":"79","article-title":"The power of automatic feature selection: rubine on steroids","author":"Blagojevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"proc. 7th sketch-based interfaces and modeling symposium (SBIM '10)"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485816","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children (IDC \u201813)","author":"Brewer","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref23","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Proc. SIGCHI workshop on educational software, interfaces and technology","author":"Brown","year":"2012"},{"volume-title":"Proc. ACM SIGCHI mobile accessibility workshop","year":"2013","author":"Brown","key":"2021070808100468800_ref24"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/34.291449","article-title":"Off-line handwritten word recognition using a hidden Markov model type stochastic network","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2469551","article-title":"Survey on 3D hand gesture recognition","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref27","article-title":"Identifying child users via touchscreen interactions","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Sens. Networks"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.04.006","article-title":"A new gesture recognition algorithm and segmentation method of Korean scripts for gesture-allowed ink editor","volume":"176","author":"Cho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inf. Sci. (NY)"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref29","first-page":"2017","author":"Media","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight"},{"volume-title":"Zero to Eight: Children\u2019s Media Use in America 2013 [WWW Document]","year":"2013","author":"Media","key":"2021070808100468800_ref30"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485823","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children","author":"Connell","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00197-1","article-title":"Template-based online character recognition","volume":"34","author":"Connell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080122","article-title":"Spontaneous mirror-writing in children","volume":"39","author":"Cornell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.11.008","article-title":"Touch gesture performed by children under 3 years old when drawing and coloring on a tablet","volume":"124","author":"Crescenzi Lanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref35","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR \u201805)","author":"El-hajj","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref36","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on human factors in computing (CHI \u201812)","author":"Findlater","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/1468798414533560","article-title":"New directions for early literacy in a digital age: the iPad","volume":"15","author":"Flewitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Early Child. Lit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(96)00021-9","article-title":"Fusion of handwritten word classifiers","volume":"17","author":"Gader","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"year":"1983","author":"Gardner","key":"2021070808100468800_ref39"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01388-1","article-title":"Cognitive approaches to the development of short-term memory","volume":"3","author":"Gathercole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref41","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proc. int. symposium on sketch-based interfaces and modeling","author":"Herold","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1145\/2771839.2771851","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children","author":"Hiniker","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref43","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proc. int. symposium on user interface software and technology","author":"Hong","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2005.05.006","article-title":"Recognition and beautification of multi-stroke symbols in digital ink","volume":"29","author":"Hse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1109\/34.541414","article-title":"HMM based on-line handwriting recognition","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00043-6","article-title":"Writer independent on-line handwriting recognition using an HMM approach","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.010","article-title":"Young children\u2019s transfer of learning from a touchscreen device","volume":"56","author":"Huber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav."},{"year":"2011","author":"Imangi","key":"2021070808100468800_ref48"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref49","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces","author":"Jego","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref50","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Proc. 4th int. conf. on machine learning and cybernetics (ICMLC \u201805)","author":"Jiang","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref51","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research","author":"Johnson","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref52","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on document analysis and recognition","author":"Julia","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12034","article-title":"Neuromotor development in children. Part 3: motor performance in 3- to 5-year-olds","volume":"55","author":"Kakebeeke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref54","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Proc. int. symposium on sketch-based interfaces and modeling","author":"Kim","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/2487381.2487389","volume-title":"Proc. int. symposium on sketch-based interfaces and modeling (SBIM \u201813)","author":"Kim","year":"2013"},{"year":"2017","author":"King.com Ltd","key":"2021070808100468800_ref56"},{"article-title":"A review of vision-based hand gestures","year":"2004","author":"Derpanis","key":"2021070808100468800_ref57"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1145\/1719970.1720051","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on intelligent user interfaces","author":"Kratz","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/1029632.1029640","article-title":"SHARK2: a large vocabulary shorthand writing system for pen-based computers","author":"Kristensson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. 17th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, UIST \u201804 6"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2010.06.002","article-title":"Contingent computer interactions for young children\u2019s object retrieval success","volume":"31","author":"Lauricella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref61","first-page":"396","article-title":"Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network","volume":"2","author":"LeCun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1109\/34.506416","article-title":"Off-line recognition of totally unconstrained handwritten numerals using multilayer cluster neural network","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2007.04.007","article-title":"An efficient graph-based recognizer for hand-drawn symbols","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref64","first-page":"2169","article-title":"Protractor: a fast and accurate gesture recognizer","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 28th int. conf. human factors in computing systems"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref65","first-page":"360","volume-title":"Proc. SIGCHI conf. on human factors in computing systems, CHI \u201800","author":"Long","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref66","first-page":"40","article-title":"Implications for a gesture design tool","author":"Long","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. int. conf. hum. factors comput. syst."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01078","article-title":"Young children learning from touch screens: taking a wider view","volume":"7","author":"Lovato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2004.1357400","article-title":"Automatic feedback and resubmissions as learning aid","author":"Malmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE int. conf. on advanced learning technologies (ICALT \u201804)"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref69","first-page":"4015","article-title":"Cultural similarities and differences in user-defined gestures for touchscreen user interfaces","author":"Mauney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ext. abstr. 28th int. conf. hum. factors comput. syst."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1145\/1810543.1810580","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on interaction design and children","author":"McKnight","year":"2010"},{"volume-title":"Machine Learning","year":"1997","author":"Mitchell","key":"2021070808100468800_ref71"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.893280","article-title":"Gesture recognition: a survey","volume":"37","author":"Mitra","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.136","article-title":"Combining slanted-frame classifiers for improved HMM-based Arabic handwriting recognition","volume":"31","author":"Mohamad","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1145\/2591689","article-title":"Reducing legacy bias in gesture elicitation studies","volume":"21","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref75","first-page":"261","article-title":"Understanding users\u2019 preferences for surface gestures","volume":"2010","author":"Morris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. of graphics interface"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref76","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Int. J. Inform. Technol. Knowl. Manag","author":"Murthy","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref77","first-page":"71","article-title":"Garnet: comprehensive support for graphical","volume":"23","author":"Myers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Highly Interactive User Interfaces. Computer (Long. Beach. Calif)."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref78","article-title":"The design for the amulet user interface toolkit","volume":"9","author":"Myers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Comput. J."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref79","first-page":"1099","volume-title":"Proc. SIGCHI conf. on human factors in computing systems, CHI \u201813","author":"Nacenta","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.08.004","article-title":"Multi-touch gestures for pre-kindergarten children","volume":"73","author":"Nacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref81","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Proc. int. conf. on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR \u201801)","author":"Nakai","year":"2001"},{"volume-title":"Expert Blind Spot: Where Content Knowledge & Pedagogical Content Knowledge Collide","year":"2003","author":"Nathan","key":"2021070808100468800_ref82"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.42.020191.001241","article-title":"Motor skill acquisition","volume":"42","author":"Newell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.04.001","article-title":"Kid on the phone! Toward automatic detection of children on mobile devices","volume":"84","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"year":"2015","author":"Nitrome","key":"2021070808100468800_ref85"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref86","article-title":"Fast stroke matching by angle quantization","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. conf. immersive telecommun."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2008.09.013","article-title":"Sketch-based modeling: a survey","volume":"33","author":"Olsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Child Psychology","year":"1983","author":"Piaget","key":"2021070808100468800_ref88"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-009-0098-4","article-title":"Markov models for offline handwriting recognition: a survey","volume":"12","author":"Pl\u00f6tz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref90","first-page":"321","article-title":"Research with children: the same or different from research with adults?","volume":"9","author":"Punch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Childhood"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcses.2010.1203","article-title":"Survey on various gesture recognition techniques for interfacing machines based on ambient intelligence","volume":"1","author":"Ravindran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. Surv."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.04.012","article-title":"HMM-based Indic handwritten word recognition using zone segmentation","volume":"60","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1145\/127719.122753","article-title":"Specifying gestures by example","volume":"25","author":"Rubine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput Graph (ACM)"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref94","first-page":"201","article-title":"Understanding childdefined gestures and children\u2019s mental models for touchscreen tabletop interaction","author":"Rust","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. int. conf. interact. des. child. (IDC \u201814)"},{"author":"Sameer Singh","key":"2021070808100468800_ref95"},{"volume-title":"Child and Adolescent Development","year":"1987","author":"Seifert","key":"2021070808100468800_ref96"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1145\/1040830.1040899","volume-title":"Proc. of the int. conf. on intelligent user interfaces","author":"Sezgin","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref98","first-page":"638","volume-title":"Proc. 19th ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction, ICMI \u201817","author":"Shaw","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref99","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Proc. of the int. conf. on multimodal interaction (ICMI \u201816)","author":"Shaw","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref100","first-page":"1752","article-title":"Toward a systematic understanding of children\u2019s touchscreen gestures","author":"Shaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Extended abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI conf. on human factors in computing systems"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/3136755.3136810","volume-title":"Proc. ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction (ICMI '17)","author":"Shaw","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5121\/sipij.2012.3506","article-title":"Artificial neural network based optical character recognition","volume":"3","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Signal Image Process. Int. J."},{"year":"2009","author":"Shuler","key":"2021070808100468800_ref103"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s005210050008","article-title":"Neural network recognition of hand-printed characters","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref105","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Proc. of graphics interface","author":"Smithies","year":"1999"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the int. conf. on interaction design and children (IDC \u201819)","year":"2019","author":"Soni","key":"2021070808100468800_ref106"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the int. symposium on pervasive displays (PerDis \u201819)","year":"2019","author":"Soni","key":"2021070808100468800_ref107"},{"first-page":"195","year":"2015","author":"Taranta","key":"2021070808100468800_ref108"},{"volume-title":"We Are Magic","year":"2016","author":"Games","key":"2021070808100468800_ref109"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref110","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Mechanix: A sketch-based tutoring system for statics courses","author":"Valentine","year":"2012","journal-title":"24th annu. conf. innov. appl. artif. intell."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1145\/3242969.3243032","volume-title":"Proc. 20th ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction, ICMI \u201818","author":"Vanderdonckt","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref112","first-page":"623","volume-title":"Proc. of the int. conf. on human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (MobileHCI \u201818)","author":"Vatavu","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1145\/2663204.2663256","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction","author":"Vatavu","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1145\/2522848.2522875","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction","author":"Vatavu","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1145\/2388676.2388732","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM int. conf. on multimodal interaction (ICMI \u201912)","author":"Vatavu","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref116","first-page":"277","article-title":"Small, medium, or large? Estimating the user-perceived scale of stroke gestures","author":"Vatavu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. int. conf. hum. factors comput. syst."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref117","first-page":"1","volume-title":"INTERACT","author":"Vatavu","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.10.007","article-title":"Touch interaction for children aged 3 to 6 years: experimental findings and relationship to motor skills","volume":"74","author":"Vatavu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00046-0","article-title":"Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.01.030","article-title":"Iconic and multi-stroke gesture recognition","volume":"42","author":"Willems","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref121","first-page":"591","volume-title":"Extended abstracts of the annual symposium on computer-human interaction in play (CHI PLAY EA \u201817)","author":"Williford","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1057043","volume-title":"Proc. of CHI extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems (CHI EA \u201805)","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref123","article-title":"User-defined gestures for surface computing","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. int. conf. hum. factors comput. syst. (CHI 09) 1083"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294238","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM symposium on user interface software and technology (UIST \u201807)","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref125","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Proc. of the int. conf. on multimodal interaction (ICMI \u201817)","author":"Woodward","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref126","first-page":"1921","volume-title":"Proc. of the ACM int. conf. on human factors in computing systems (CHI \u201816)","author":"Woodward","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00052-0","article-title":"On-line handwritten alphanumeric character recognition using dominant points in strokes","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2820734","article-title":"Gestimator: shape and stroke similarity based gesture recognition","volume-title":"Proc. of theint. conf. on multimodal interaction (ICMI `15)","author":"Ye","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/11573548_103","volume-title":"Affective computing and intelligent interaction","author":"Yin","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000012","article-title":"Foundational issues in touch-surface stroke gesture design: an integrative review","volume":"5","author":"Zhai","year":"2011","journal-title":"FNT in Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"2021070808100468800_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2018.00163","article-title":"Large scale classification in deep neural network with label mapping","volume-title":"2018 IEEE int. conf. data mining workshops (ICDMW)","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Interacting with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/32\/5-6\/524\/38856860\/iwab009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/32\/5-6\/524\/38856860\/iwab009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T16:43:53Z","timestamp":1625762633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article\/32\/5-6\/524\/6232065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/iwc\/iwab009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0953-5438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1873-7951"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}}}