{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:29:46Z","timestamp":1776090586785,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Augmented reality (AR) technologies are becoming increasingly popular. However, studies regarding the usability of AR interfaces are scarce. This study aims to derive the optimal usability design of the AR interface by analyzing the performance of 12 interface conditions (2 button sizes \u00d7 3 distances \u00d7 2 interaction types). An experiment was conducted using Microsoft HoloLens, in which participants performed button selection tasks with an array of 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 virtual buttons. The task completion time and the number of errors were measured along with a subjective satisfaction score. The results showed that a clicker-based interaction was more effective in task completion time, the number of errors and user satisfaction than a hand gesture. Furthermore, large buttons required a significantly shorter task completion time than small buttons. There was no significant difference in the number of errors between the two sizes. A distance of at least 80\u00a0cm from the eye to the virtual object is most favorable for a good performance. There was a significant difference in the task completion times between 40\u00a0cm and 80\u00a0cm and between 40\u00a0cm and 120\u00a0cm. These results can aid the interface designs for AR applications and devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwad034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T22:55:32Z","timestamp":1684536932000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Interaction Method, Size, and Distance to Object on Augmented Reality Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Incheon National University (INU) Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, , 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Jaehyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Incheon National University (INU) Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, , 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyun K","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwangwoon University School of Information Convergence, , Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062407141516400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR-Adjunct.2017.37","volume-title":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct)","author":"Alce","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023062407141516400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1296074","article-title":"On the efficiency of a VR hand gesture-based interface for 3D object manipulations in conceptual design","volume":"33","author":"Alkemade","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"2023062407141516400_ref3","author":"Anthropometrics: Human sizes\u2014Roy Mech","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023062407141516400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.897240","article-title":"Human reaction time in a mixed reality environment","volume":"16","author":"Arif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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