{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1774512637189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We analyzed the differences in drivers\u2019 preferences for emotional expressions from an in-vehicle virtual assistant based on data collected from 823 respondents in five countries categorized into three different cultural settings: collectivism (Korea, China and Brazil), individualism (USA) and a mixture of both (Russia). To quantify the degree of acceptance, we used a 5-point Likert scale (1\u00a0=\u00a0strongly disagree; 5\u00a0=\u00a0strongly agree) on four emotion types categorized based on Thayer\u2019s two-dimensional emotion model. Analysis revealed that respondents in all five countries preferred emotion type 1 (pleased, happy, excited) and emotion type 4 (calm, peaceful, relaxed), that is, positive emotions under Thayer\u2019s two-dimensional emotion model expressions, and they showed low acceptance for emotion type 2 (nervous, angry, annoying) and emotion type 3 (sad, bored, sleepy), negative emotional expressions. In a cross-cultural comparative analysis, Brazil and China ranked highest in both positive emotion types (1 and 4), and Korea ranked highest in negative emotion types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwad056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T10:10:50Z","timestamp":1706350250000},"page":"188-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acceptability Study of Emotional Expressions of In-Vehicle Virtual Assistant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngsang","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University , 90321 International Hall, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hoonsik","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Media Institute of Technology Department of Media Business, , 90321 International Hall, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.05.001","article-title":"Affective interaction: How emotional agents affect users","volume":"67","author":"Beale","year":"(2009)","journal-title":"International journal of human-computer studies"},{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2004.11.002","article-title":"Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent","volume":"62","author":"Brave","year":"(2005)","journal-title":"International journal of human-computer studies"},{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref5","article-title":"Social identity and close relationships: What is the connection","volume-title":"University of Minnesota","author":"Brewer","year":"(2007)"},{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022105275960","article-title":"Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: Testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being","volume":"36","author":"Chirkov","year":"(2005)","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Family and Socialization Factors in Brazil: An Overview","volume":"6","author":"Dessen","year":"(2002)","journal-title":"Online Readings in Psychology and Culture"},{"key":"2024071711304304600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.4.712","article-title":"Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion","volume":"53","author":"Ekman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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