{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T05:13:41Z","timestamp":1739596421591,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>When interacting with voice intelligent assistants (VIAs), users of different age groups usually react differently to the devices\u2019 responses. This research focused on two influencing factors of users\u2019 trust\u2014user age and VIA response forms, and devised an experiment followed up with voluntary semi-structured interviews with 100 younger adult users (aged 22 to 59), 100 older adult users (aged 66 to 79) and 100 child users (aged 6 to11) to (i) quantify the varying degrees of trust across distinct age groups in the different presentation forms used to convey the same response content from VIAs, (ii) identify how the type of question posed influences on the levels of trust exhibited by users of different age groups in VIA response forms and (iii) explore the underlying rationales and motivations behind user perceptions and attitudes towards the diverse presentation forms of VIA responses, accounting for variations across different age demographics. In this paper, seven VIA response forms was studied, i.e. picture, text, hyperlink, \u2018picture + text\u2019, \u2018picture + hyperlink\u2019, \u2018text + hyperlink\u2019, and \u2018picture + text + hyperlink\u2019. Results indicate that users from different age groups demonstrate varying degrees of trust in the same responses when presented in different forms, expanding the research on users\u2019 trust from the distinctive perspectives of user ages and response forms, while providing manufacturers with insights into consumer psychology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwae052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T06:22:42Z","timestamp":1732688562000},"page":"88-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring Users\u2019 Trust in VIA Responses: The Age and Response Forms Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University Department of Industrial Engineering, , No. 30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}]},{"given":"Pei-Luen Patrick","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University Department of Industrial Engineering, , No. 30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084,","place":["China"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Parenting children in the age of screens","year":"2020","author":"Auxier","key":"2025021410275508500_ref3"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref4","first-page":"1560","volume-title":"Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting","author":"Baeza","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539609544956","article-title":"Cooperativity in human-machine and human-human spoken dialogue","volume":"21","author":"Bernsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Discourse Process."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/ProComm.2019.00025","volume-title":"2019 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm)","author":"Burbach","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"In The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.0571","article-title":"The effects of modality, device, and task differences on perceived human likeness of voice-activated virtual assistants","volume":"22","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101628","article-title":"\u201cOK, Google, why do I use you?\u201d motivations, post-consumption evaluations, and perceptions of voice AI assistants","volume":"62","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telematics Inform."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2004.826284","article-title":"Roles for agent assistants in field science: understanding personal projects and collaboration","volume":"34","author":"Clancey","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1638580","article-title":"Technologies for an aging society: a systematic review of \u201csmart home\u201d applications","volume":"17","author":"Demiris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yearbook of medical informatics"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000508499","article-title":"Alexa, what are you? Exploring primary school children\u2019s ontological perceptions of digital voice assistants in open interactions","volume":"64","author":"Festerling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Dev."},{"volume-title":"The essential guide to user interface design: an introduction to gui design principles and techniques","year":"2007","author":"Galitz","key":"2025021410275508500_ref14"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref15","first-page":"1","volume-title":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Garg","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref16","article-title":"Conversation design: speaking the same language","author":"Giangola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google Design."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001318","article-title":"Children\u2019s trust in and learning from voice assistants","volume":"58","author":"Girouard-Hallam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.321","article-title":"Children's mental, social, and moral attributions toward a familiar digital voice assistant","volume":"3","author":"Girouard-Hallam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref19","first-page":"174","volume-title":"2018 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications (ICAITA 2018)","author":"Hou","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.15187\/adr.2020.08.33.3.127","article-title":"Exploring user interaction and satisfaction with virtual personal assistant usage through smart speakers","volume":"33","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Design Research"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107485","article-title":"Make chatbots more adaptive: dual pathways linking human-like cues and tailored response to trust in interactions with chatbots","volume":"138","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwac019","article-title":"VIARS: an intelligent voice agent to prevent inappropriate content display for restricted users","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/20427","article-title":"Exploring how older adults use a smart speaker\u2013based voice assistant in their first interactions: qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2018.00039","volume-title":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)","author":"Kim","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101694","article-title":"AI as a friend or assistant: the mediating role of perceived usefulness in social AI vs. functional AI","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telematics Inform."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4100215","article-title":"Examining voice assistants in the context of Children's speech","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction"},{"article-title":"Voice assistant demographic data\u2013young consumers more likely to own smart speakers while over 60 bias toward Alexa and Siri","year":"2019","author":"Kinsella","key":"2025021410275508500_ref27"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref28","first-page":"121","article-title":"Understanding user satisfaction with intelligent assistants","author":"Kiseleva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref29","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)","author":"Klein","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/15823","article-title":"Responses of conversational agents to health and lifestyle prompts: investigation of appropriateness and presentation structures","volume":"22","author":"Kocaballi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref31","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication","author":"Liddle","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21491","article-title":"Factors influencing users' adoption and use of conversational agents: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2074667","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 interaction with intelligent virtual assistants: the role of information modality and feedback","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1145\/3311927.3323150","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM international conference on interaction design and children","author":"Lovato","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2021.3117884","article-title":"Why do people use artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled voice assistants?","volume":"71","author":"Malodia","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.05.009","article-title":"Hey Alexa\u2026 examine the variables influencing the use of artificial intelligent in-home voice assistants","volume":"99","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.0400","article-title":"Smartphone-based conversational agents and responses to questions about mental health, interpersonal violence, and physical health","volume":"176","author":"Miner","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102413","article-title":"Psychological determinants of users\u2019 adoption and word-of-mouth recommendations of smart voice assistants","volume":"67","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333721420985975","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420985975","article-title":"A question of access: exploring the perceived benefits and barriers of intelligent voice assistants for improving access to consumer health resources among low-income older adults","volume":"6","author":"Nallam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref40","first-page":"46","article-title":"AI-based voice assistant systems: evaluating from the interaction and trust perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Nasirian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Twenty-third Americas Conference on Information Systems"},{"volume-title":"Usability engineering","year":"1994","author":"Nielsen","key":"2025021410275508500_ref41"},{"volume-title":"Usability 101: Introduction to usability","year":"2012","author":"Nielsen","key":"2025021410275508500_ref42"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16217","article-title":"Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants to support aging in place","volume":"68","author":"O'Brien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3373759","article-title":"Use of intelligent voice assistants by older adults with low technology use","volume":"27","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053246","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems","author":"Purington","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-021-10226-5","article-title":"Voice assistant vs. Chatbot\u2013examining the fit between conversational agents\u2019 interaction modalities and information search tasks","volume":"24","author":"Rzepka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196772","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference","author":"Sciuto","year":"2018"},{"volume-title":"Designing the user interface: strategies for effective human-computer interaction","year":"2016","author":"Shneiderman","key":"2025021410275508500_ref49"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2018.1541924","article-title":"Marketing via smart speakers: what should Alexa say?","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Mark."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12946","article-title":"Task type's effect on attitudes towards voice assistants","volume":"47","author":"Sung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Consum. Stud."},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref53","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"Xu","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102981","article-title":"Between fear and trust: older adults\u2019 evaluation of socially assistive robots","volume":"171","author":"Zafrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00936-1","article-title":"User acceptance of smart home voice assistant: a comparison among younger, middle-aged, and older adults","volume":"23","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"2025021410275508500_ref56","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Ziman","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Interacting with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/88\/60817407\/iwae052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/88\/60817407\/iwae052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T10:28:14Z","timestamp":1739528894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article\/37\/2\/88\/7908854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/iwc\/iwae052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0953-5438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1873-7951"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]}}}