{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:09:20Z","timestamp":1780492160722,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Web APIs play a key role in modern application development, and their usability is crucial for them to be of value. Aim: This systematic mapping study aims to identify and categorize metrics related to web API usability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified four research questions and a set of search terms related to these. We applied inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria to filter out unrelated articles, and then performed data extraction on the remaining studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found a total of 96 metrics. Most of the usability metrics (40 %) were related to learnability. We also found that only one of the articles proposed metrics in the context of a usability model and that most of the studies obtained values for their metrics automatically.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings highlight a lack of research in the field of web API usability + metrics, with only 14 % of the metrics we identified being explicitly related to web APIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwae053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T13:57:04Z","timestamp":1732024624000},"page":"120-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Web API Usability: A Systematic Mapping Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2589-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Machini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias Santa Cruz, CONICET , Lisandro de la Torre 860 Ave., R\u00edo Gallegos (Z9400), Santa Cruz,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Aplicada, , Alumno Piloto Rivera, R\u00edo Gallegos (Z9400), Santa Cruz,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/10447310903025552","article-title":"Usability: a critical analysis and a taxonomy","volume":"26","author":"Alonso-R\u00edos","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2012.6344511","article-title":"Usable results from the field of API usability: a systematic mapping and further analysis","author":"Burns","year":"2012","journal-title":"2012 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/SCCC54552.2021.9650408","article-title":"Uses and applications of the OpenAPI\/swagger specification: a systematic mapping of the literature","author":"Casas","year":"2021","journal-title":"40th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2019.8870148","article-title":"What should I document? A preliminary systematic mapping study into API documentation knowledge","author":"Cummaudo","year":"2019","journal-title":"2019 ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-1305-6","volume-title":"API Management: An Architect\u2019s Guide to Developing and Managing APIs for Your Organization","author":"De","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref7","volume-title":"Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures","author":"Fielding","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref8","volume-title":"ISO","author":"ISO\/IEC 9126-1:2001","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref9","volume-title":"Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1109\/EDOC.2019.00037","article-title":"Classification of changes in API evolution","author":"Ko\u00e7i","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE 23rd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref11","volume-title":"Identification of Practices and Capabilities in API Management: A Systematic Literature Review","author":"Mathijssen","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.31115.49444","article-title":"A systematic mapping study on tools for API documentation generation","author":"Nybom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turku Centre for Computer Science."},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4018\/IJEIS.2019070105","article-title":"Application programming interface (API) research","volume":"15","author":"Ofoeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.03.007","article-title":"Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: an update","volume":"64","author":"Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2012.6405296","article-title":"Measuring software library stability through historical version analysis","author":"Raemaekers","year":"2012","journal-title":"28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.01.009","article-title":"Automated measurement of API usability: the API concepts framework","volume":"61","author":"Scheller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2003.1201262","article-title":"Writing good software engineering research papers","author":"Shaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"25th International Conference on Software Engineering"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2007.44","article-title":"Mapping the space of API design decisions","author":"Stylos","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing"},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2016.74","article-title":"From the service-oriented architecture to the web API economy","volume":"20","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"2025021410275524100_ref20","volume-title":"Usability 101: Introduction to Usability","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Interacting with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/120\/60746740\/iwae053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/120\/60746740\/iwae053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T10:28:06Z","timestamp":1739528886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article\/37\/2\/120\/7903921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/iwc\/iwae053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-5438","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-7951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]}}}