{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1771022963047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":133,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2013-45736-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2013-45736-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Tr\u00e1fico, Ministerio Del Interior de Espa\u00f1a","award":["SPIP2017-02220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPIP2017-02220"]}]},{"name":"Institut Valenci\u00e0 d\u2019Art Modern"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>The validity of environmental simulations depends on their capacity to replicate responses produced in physical environments. However, very few studies validate navigation differences in immersive virtual environments, even though these can radically condition space perception and therefore alter the various evoked responses. The objective of this paper is to validate environmental simulations using 3D environments and head-mounted display devices, at behavioural level through navigation. A comparison is undertaken between the free exploration of an art exhibition in a physical museum and a simulation of the same experience. As a first perception validation, the virtual museum shows a high degree of presence. Movement patterns in both \u2018museums\u2019 show close similarities, and present significant differences at the beginning of the exploration in terms of the percentage of area explored and the time taken to undertake the tours. Therefore, the results show there are significant time-dependent differences in navigation patterns during the first 2 minutes of the tours. Subsequently, there are no significant differences in navigation in physical and virtual museums. These findings support the use of immersive virtual environments as empirical tools in human behavioural research at navigation level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The latest generation HMDs show a high degree of presence. There are significant differences in navigation patterns during the first 2 minutes of a tour. Adaptation time need to be considered in future research. Training rooms need to be realistic, to avoid the \u2018wow\u2019 effect in the main experiment. Results support the use of Virtual Reality and the latest HMDs as empirical tools in human behavioural research at navigation level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwz018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T07:14:30Z","timestamp":1559373270000},"page":"208-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Navigation Comparison between a Real and a Virtual Museum: Time-dependent Differences using a Head Mounted Display"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Mar\u00edn-Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Higuera-Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"De-Juan-Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Llinares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Guixeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3922-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"I\u00f1arra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Alca\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Technological background of VR","volume":"99","author":"Alca\u00f1iz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.18.2.97","article-title":"A neuroscience approach to virtual reality experience using transcranial doppler monitoring","volume":"18","author":"Alca\u00f1iz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C3","author":"Babu","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.734","article-title":"Immersion and emotion: their impact on the sense of presence","volume":"7","author":"Ba\u00f1os","year":"2004","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1302_01","article-title":"Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology","volume":"13","author":"Blascovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.1.73","article-title":"The effectiveness of virtual reality for administering spatial navigation training to firefighters","volume":"6","author":"Bliss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/mti1040024","article-title":"The new era of virtual reality locomotion: a systematic literature review of techniques and a proposed typology","volume":"1","author":"Boletsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multimod. Technol. Interact."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2017.0114","article-title":"Comparison of oculus rift and HTC Vive: feasibility for virtual reality-based exploration, navigation, exergaming, and rehabilitation","volume":"7","author":"Borrego","year":"2018","journal-title":"Games Health J."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/15502724.2017.1404918","article-title":"Adequacy of immersive virtual reality for the perception of daylit spaces: comparison of real and virtual environments","volume":"15","author":"Chamilothori","year":"2019","journal-title":"LEUKOS"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02086","article-title":"The past, present, and future of virtual and augmented reality research: a network and cluster analysis of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Cipresso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715001228","article-title":"A direct comparison of real-world and virtual navigation performance in chronic stroke patients","volume":"22","author":"Claessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C13","first-page":"14","article-title":"Virtual reality and medical inpatients: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Dascal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C14","author":"Dourish","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700040X","article-title":"Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders","volume":"47","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2015.03.020","article-title":"Immersive virtual environments versus physical built environments: a benchmarking study for building design and user-built environment explorations","volume":"54","author":"Heydarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Automat. Constr."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.05.006","article-title":"Psychological and physiological human responses to simulated and real environments: a comparison between Photographs, 360\u00b0 Panoramas, and Virtual Reality","volume":"65","author":"Higuera-Trujillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-017-9676-0","article-title":"A review of the use of virtual reality head-mounted displays in education and training","volume":"23","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educ. Inform. Technol."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18289-8","article-title":"Orientation in virtual reality does not fully measure up to the real-world","volume":"7","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C21","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Visualization in Landscape and Environmental Planning: Technology and Applications","author":"Kwartler","year":"2005"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C22","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C23","volume-title":"3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice","author":"LaViola","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092832","article-title":"A walking-in-place method for virtual reality using position and orientation tracking","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605774918778","article-title":"Movement around real and virtual cluttered environments","volume":"14","author":"Lessels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32063-4","article-title":"Affective computing in virtual reality: emotion recognition from brain and heartbeat dynamics using wearable sensors","volume":"8","author":"Mar\u00edn-Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C27","first-page":"34","article-title":"Methodological bases for a new platform for the measurement of human behaviour in virtual environments","volume":"92","author":"Mar\u00edn-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"DYNA"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-011-0119-7","article-title":"Benchmarking of virtual reality performance in mechanics education","volume":"5","author":"Mengoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3180658","article-title":"Natural walking in virtual reality","volume":"16","author":"Nilsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Entertain."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00660","article-title":"Virtual reality for enhanced ecological validity and experimental control in the clinical, affective and social neurosciences","volume":"9","author":"Parsons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.05.001","article-title":"To go where no man has gone before: virtual reality in architecture, landscape architecture and environmental planning","volume":"54","author":"Portman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2001.942037","volume-title":"Fifth International Conference on Information Visualisation","author":"Rangaraju","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211566","article-title":"Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments","volume":"27","author":"Richardson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem. Cognit."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C34","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Spatial Cognition 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Riecke","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1006\/jevp.2001.0206","article-title":"Subjective responses to computer simulations of urban environments","volume":"22","author":"Rohrmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.3.2.143","article-title":"Navigating buildings on \u2018desk-top\u2019 virtual environments: experimental investigations using extended navigational experience","volume":"3","author":"Ruddle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Appl."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566143","article-title":"Navigating large-scale virtual environments","volume":"8","author":"Ruddle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1651","article-title":"From presence to consciousness through Virtual Reality","volume":"6","author":"Sanchez-Vives","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322761315","article-title":"Presence equation: an investigation into cognitive factors underlying presence","volume":"12","author":"Sas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C40","first-page":"1","article-title":"A note on presence terminology","volume":"3","author":"Slater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body centred interaction in immersive virtual environments","volume":"1","author":"Slater","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif. Life Virtual Real."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x","article-title":"Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence","volume":"42","author":"Steuer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Commun."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C43","author":"Tregillus","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C45","author":"Usoh","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1162\/105474600566989","article-title":"Using presence questionnaires in reality","volume":"9","author":"Usoh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Presence (Camb)"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00637","article-title":"Ecological validity of virtual environments to assess human navigation ability","volume":"6","author":"van der Ham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C48","author":"Wilson","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019080810245615500_iwz018C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X17731945","article-title":"Investigation of the","volume":"28","author":"Yeom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indoor Built Enviorn."}],"container-title":["Interacting with Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/iwc\/iwz018\/28929581\/iwz018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article-pdf\/31\/2\/208\/29109172\/iwz018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T15:45:29Z","timestamp":1569253529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/iwc\/article\/31\/2\/208\/5531441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/iwc\/iwz018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-5438","1873-7951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-5438","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-7951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}