{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:17:05Z","timestamp":1781885825379,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The past decade has witnessed a growing interest for using dual eye tracking to understand and support remote collaboration, especially with studies that have established the benefits of displaying gaze information for small groups. While this line of work is promising, we lack a consistent framework that researchers can use to organize and categorize studies on the effect of shared gaze on social interactions. There exists a wide variety of terminology and methods for describing attentional alignment; researchers have used diverse techniques for designing gaze visualizations. The settings studied range from real-time peer collaboration to asynchronous viewing of eye-tracking video of an expert providing explanations. There has not been a conscious effort to synthesize and understand how these different approaches, techniques and applications impact the effectiveness of shared gaze visualizations (SGVs). In this paper, we summarize the related literature and the benefits of SGVs for collaboration, describe important terminology as well as appropriate measures for the dual eye-tracking space and discuss promising directions for future research. As eye-tracking technology becomes more ubiquitous, there is pressing need to develop a consistent approach to evaluation and design of SGVs. The present paper makes a first and significant step in this direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/iwcomp\/iwab015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T12:19:50Z","timestamp":1621426790000},"page":"115-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Shared Gaze Visualizations in Collaborative Interactions: Past, Present and Future"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, 633 Clark St, Evanston, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021091412011464900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858127","article-title":"Gaze augmentation in egocentric video improves awareness of intention","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Akkil","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021091412011464900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/3204493.3204542","article-title":"I see what you see: gaze awareness in mobile video collaboration","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","author":"Akkil","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021091412011464900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892459","article-title":"GazeTorch: enabling gaze awareness in collaborative physical tasks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Akkil","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021091412011464900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1997.2558","article-title":"Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: evidence for continuous mapping models","volume":"38","author":"Allopenna","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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