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We carried out a multistage screening process followed by email communications with study authors for missing or discrepant information. Two independent coders coded eligible articles using a 23-item validated data extraction tool based on the RE-AIM framework.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty studies (21 articles) were included in the analysis. The comprehensiveness of reporting on the RE-AIM criteria across the SMS- and app-based DSMES studies was low. With respect to internal validity, most interventions were well described and primary clinical or behavioral outcomes were measured and reported. However, gaps exist in areas of attrition, measures of potential negative outcomes, the extent to which the protocol was delivered as intended, and description on delivery agents. Likewise, we found limited information on external validity indicators across adoption, implementation, and maintenance domains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reporting gaps were found in internal validity but more so in external validity in the current SMS- and app-based DSMES literature. Because most studies in this review were efficacy studies, the generalizability of these interventions cannot be determined. Future research should adopt the RE-AIM dimensions to improve the quality of reporting and enhance the likelihood of translating research to practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T11:16:09Z","timestamp":1585826169000},"page":"946-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate internal and external validity of mobile phone\u2013based interventions in diabetes self-management education and support"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}]},{"given":"Sonal J","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}]},{"given":"Ross C","family":"Brownson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}]},{"given":"Suzanne A","family":"Boren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Waki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deborah Greenwood Consulting, Sacramento, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Torbj\u00f8rnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Ambady","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. A. 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