{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:49:49Z","timestamp":1778510989446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To rapidly deploy a digital patient-facing self-triage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We created a patient portal-based COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool and made it available to all primary care patients at the University of California, San Francisco Health, a large academic health system. Asymptomatic patients were asked about exposure history and were then provided relevant information. Symptomatic patients were triaged into 1 of 4 categories\u2014emergent, urgent, nonurgent, or self-care\u2014and then connected with the appropriate level of care via direct scheduling or telephone hotline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This self-triage and self-scheduling tool was designed and implemented in under 2 weeks. During the first 16 days of use, it was completed 1129 times by 950 unique patients. Of completed sessions, 315 (28%) were by asymptomatic patients, and 814 (72%) were by symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patient triage dispositions were as follows: 193 emergent (24%), 193 urgent (24%), 99 nonurgent (12%), 329 self-care (40%). Sensitivity for detecting emergency-level care was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7\u201398.5%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This self-triage and self-scheduling tool has been widely used by patients and is being rapidly expanded to other populations and health systems. The tool has recommended emergency-level care with high sensitivity, and decreased triage time for patients with less severe illness. The data suggests it also prevents unnecessary triage messages, phone calls, and in-person visits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient self-triage tools integrated into electronic health record systems have the potential to greatly improve triage efficiency and prevent unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T11:08:59Z","timestamp":1586257739000},"page":"860-866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Rapid design and implementation of an integrated patient self-triage and self-scheduling tool for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Judson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Clinical Innovation Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0975-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anobel Y","family":"Odisho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-7180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron B","family":"Neinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Innovation Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Innovation Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Gleason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Intinarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Population Health and Accountable Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Clinical Innovation Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10223","key":"2020110613092659000_ocaa051-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020110613092659000_ocaa051-B2","year":"2020"},{"key":"2020110613092659000_ocaa051-B3","author":"Moon","year":"2020"},{"key":"2020110613092659000_ocaa051-B4","article-title":"Rapid response to COVID-19: health informatics support for outbreak management in an academic health system","author":"Reeves","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc 2020; 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