{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:20:30Z","timestamp":1776082830005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Healthcare Research and Quality","award":["1R01HS022894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HS022894"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T15LM007442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T15LM007442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Team situational awareness helps to ensure high-quality care and prevent errors in the complex hospital environment. Although extensive work has examined factors that contribute to breakdowns in situational awareness among clinicians, patients\u2019 and caregivers\u2019 roles have been neglected. To address this gap, we studied team-based situational awareness from the perspective of patients and their caregivers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilized a mixed-methods approach, including card sorting and semi-structured interviews with hospitalized patients and their caregivers at a pediatric hospital and an adult hospital. We analyzed the results utilizing the situational awareness (SA) theoretical framework, which identifies 3 distinct stages: (1) perception of a signal, (2) comprehension of what the signal means, and (3) projection of what will happen as a result of the signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 28 patients and 19 caregivers across the 2 sites participated in the study. Our analysis uncovered how team SA helps patients and caregivers ensure that their values are heard, their autonomy is supported, and their clinical outcomes are the best possible. In addition, our participants described both barriers\u2014such as challenges with communication\u2014and enablers to facilitating shared SA in the hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients and caregivers possess critical knowledge, expertise, and values required to ensure successful and accurate team SA. Therefore, hospitals need to incorporate tools\u00a0that facilitate patients and caregivers as key team members for effective SA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevating patients and caregivers from passive recipients to equal contributors and members of the healthcare team will improve SA and ensure the best possible outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T19:29:06Z","timestamp":1597260546000},"page":"222-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Different roles with different goals: Designing to support shared situational awareness between patients and clinicians in the hospital"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ari H","family":"Pollack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Sonali R","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Apodaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Khelifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Shefali","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021519090275400_ocaa198-B1","volume-title":"Designing for Situation Awareness","author":"Endsley","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021021519090275400_ocaa198-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2006.02.004","article-title":"Interdisciplinary communication: an uncharted source of medical error?","volume":"21","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021021519090275400_ocaa198-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2003.008425","article-title":"Communication failures in the operating room: an observational classification of recurrent types and effects","volume":"13","author":"Lingard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Saf Heal Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021021519090275400_ocaa198-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70134-4","article-title":"The potential for improved teamwork to reduce medical errors in the emergency department. 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