{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:12:52Z","timestamp":1776406372242,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HS025793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HS025793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR002373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medication list discrepancies between outpatient clinics and pharmacies can lead to medication errors. Within the last decade, a new health information technology (IT), CancelRx, emerged to send a medication cancellation message from the clinic\u2019s electronic health record (EHR) to the outpatient pharmacy\u2019s software. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of CancelRx on reducing medication discrepancies between the EHR and pharmacy dispensing software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CancelRx was implemented in October 2017 at an academic health system. For 12 months prior, and 12 months after CancelRx implementation, data were collected on discontinued medications in the health system\u2019s EHR and whether those prescriptions were successfully discontinued in the pharmacy\u2019s dispensing software. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to model the occurrence of prescriptions successfully discontinued over time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was an immediate (lag = 0), significant (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and sustained (post-implementation slope 0.02) increase in the proportion of successful medication discontinuations after CancelRx implementation (from 34% to 93%). CancelRx had variable impact based on whether the clinic was primary care (71.4% change prepost) or specialty care (53.9% change prepost). CancelRx reduced the time between when a medication was discontinued in the clinic EHR and pharmacy dispensing software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CancelRx automated a manual process and illustrated the role for health IT in communicating medication discontinuations between clinics and pharmacies. Overall, CancelRx had a marked benefit on medication list discrepancies and illustrated how health IT can be used across different settings to improve patient care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T04:17:09Z","timestamp":1616041029000},"page":"1526-1533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["CancelRx: a health IT tool to reduce medication discrepancies in the outpatient setting"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2504-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor L","family":"Watterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Jamie A","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Ka Z","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Schiefelbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Ramly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kleinschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Semanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Craddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7345-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Pitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Woodroof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}]},{"given":"Michelle A","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1984","article-title":"Adverse drug events in the outpatient setting: an 11-year national analysis","volume":"19","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidem Drug Safe"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01269.x","article-title":"Adverse drug events in US adult ambulatory medical care","volume":"46","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B3","first-page":"90","article-title":"The cost of adverse drug events in ambulatory care","author":"Burton","year":"2007","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00125","article-title":"Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care","volume":"144","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B5","first-page":"200943","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Improvement and Redesign: How Change in Workflow can be Supported by Clinical Decision Support","author":"Karsh","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2010.09121","article-title":"Medication reconciliation in a community pharmacy setting","volume":"50","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1012","article-title":"Prospective study of the incidence, nature and causes of dispensing errors in community pharmacies","volume":"14","author":"Ashcroft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidem Drug Safe"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-10-201211200-00006","article-title":"Pharmacy dispensing of electronically discontinued medications","volume":"157","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3606-5","article-title":"Automatic errors: a case series on the errors inherent in electronic prescribing","volume":"31","author":"Lourenco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2015.14154","article-title":"Incidence and cost of medications dispensed despite electronic medical record discontinuation","volume":"55","author":"Baranowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B11","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000515","article-title":"Transmitting and processing electronic prescriptions: experiences of physician practices and pharmacies","volume":"19","author":"Grossman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B13","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B14","first-page":"1g","article-title":"Electronic prescribing: improving the efficiency and accuracy of prescribing in the ambulatory care setting","volume":"11","author":"Porterfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect Health Inf Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19908","article-title":"Responsible e-Prescribing Needs e-Discontinuation","volume":"317","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.0725","article-title":"A prescription for enhancing electronic prescribing safety","volume":"37","author":"Schiff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy100","article-title":"Analysis of medication therapy discontinuation orders in new electronic prescriptions and opportunities for implementing CancelRx","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1688698","article-title":"Understanding CancelRx: results of end-to-end functional testing, proactive risk assessment, and pilot implementation","volume":"10","author":"Pitts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B19","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x","article-title":"Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research","volume":"27","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061470","article-title":"The critical incident technique","volume":"51","author":"Flanagan","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"jun09 5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h2750","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2750","article-title":"Regression based quasi-experimental approach when randomisation is not an option: interrupted time series analysis","volume":"350","author":"Kontopantelis","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B23","first-page":"348","article-title":"Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial","volume":"46","author":"Bernal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2013.08.002","article-title":"Use of interrupted time series analysis in evaluating health care quality improvements","volume":"13","author":"Penfold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500208","article-title":"Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single- and multiple-group comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B26","author":"Prais","year":"1954"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B27","volume-title":"Econometric Methods","author":"Johnston","year":"1972","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2307\/1909605","article-title":"A Transformation Used to Circumvent the Problem of Autocorrelation","volume":"36","author":"Kadiyala","year":"1968","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B29","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2307\/2297912","article-title":"Automatic lag selection in covariance matrix estimation","volume":"61","author":"Newey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2307\/2938229","article-title":"Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix estimation","volume":"59","author":"Andrews","year":"1991","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B32","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B33","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12199","article-title":"Complements or substitutes? culture-technology interactions in healthcare","volume":"47","author":"Queenan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx040","article-title":"Effect of adding a mobile health intervention to a multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programme across three teaching hospitals: an interrupted time series study","volume":"72","author":"Charani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-000800","article-title":"Impact of a hospital-wide hand hygiene initiative on healthcare-associated infections: results of an interrupted time series","volume":"21","author":"Kirkland","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2307\/3094828","article-title":"Disrupted routines: team learning and new technology implementation in hospitals","volume":"46","author":"Edmondson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2004.010322","article-title":"Beyond usability: designing effective technology implementation systems to promote patient safety","volume":"13","author":"Karsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2012.04.005","article-title":"Conducting an efficient proactive risk assessment prior to CPOE implementation in an intensive care unit","volume":"82","author":"Hundt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071421223747600_ocab038-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2384","article-title":"Unintended consequences of information technologies in health care\u2013an interactive sociotechnical analysis","volume":"14","author":"Harrison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocab038\/36907018\/ocab038.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/28\/7\/1526\/38983319\/ocab038.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/28\/7\/1526\/38983319\/ocab038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T21:24:25Z","timestamp":1626297865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/28\/7\/1526\/6211610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocab038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]}}}