{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:13:16Z","timestamp":1781104396445,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development Service","award":["IIR-17-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR-17-127"]}]},{"name":"Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers USA 14-274"},{"name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Qualitya","award":["R01HS27363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HS27363"]}]},{"name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Qualitya","award":["R18HS017820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R18HS017820"]}]},{"name":"Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Qualitya, Effectiveness, and Safety","award":["CIN 13-413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN 13-413"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Health Care Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30HS024459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30HS024459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic errors are major contributors to preventable patient harm. We validated the use of an electronic health record (EHR)-based trigger (e-trigger) to measure missed opportunities in stroke diagnosis in emergency departments (EDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using two frameworks, the Safer Dx Trigger Tools Framework and the Symptom-disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error Framework, we applied a symptom\u2013disease pair-based e-trigger to identify patients hospitalized for stroke who, in the preceding 30 days, were discharged from the ED with benign headache or dizziness diagnoses. The algorithm was applied to Veteran Affairs National Corporate Data Warehouse on patients seen between 1\/1\/2016 and 12\/31\/2017. Trained reviewers evaluated medical records for presence\/absence of missed opportunities in stroke diagnosis and stroke-related red-flags, risk factors, neurological examination, and clinical interventions. Reviewers also estimated quality of clinical documentation at the index ED visit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied the e-trigger to 7,752,326 unique patients and identified 46,931 stroke-related admissions, of which 398 records were flagged as trigger-positive and reviewed. Of these, 124 had missed opportunities (positive predictive value for \u201cmissed\u201d = 31.2%), 93 (23.4%) had no missed opportunity (non-missed), 162 (40.7%) were miscoded, and 19 (4.7%) were inconclusive. Reviewer agreement was high (87.3%, Cohen\u2019s kappa\u2009=\u20090.81). Compared to the non-missed group, the missed group had more stroke risk factors (mean 3.2 vs 2.6), red flags (mean 0.5 vs 0.2), and a higher rate of inadequate documentation (66.9% vs 28.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large national EHR repository, a symptom\u2013disease pair-based e-trigger identified missed diagnoses of stroke with a modest positive predictive value, underscoring the need for chart review validation procedures to identify diagnostic errors in large data sets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T15:11:41Z","timestamp":1624461101000},"page":"2202-2211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Validation of an electronic trigger to measure missed diagnosis of stroke in emergency departments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Viralkumar","family":"Vaghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5811-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean F","family":"Sittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas\u2014Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality & Safety, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8390-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hardeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. 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