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We present recommendations and common pitfalls involving sex- and gender-related data collection in EHRs. Our recommendations leverage the needs of patients, medical providers, and researchers to optimize both individual patient experiences and the efficacy and reproducibility of EHR population-based studies. We also briefly discuss adequate additions to the EHR considering name and pronoun usage. We add the disclaimer that these questions are more complex than commonly assumed. We conclude that collaborations between local transgender and gender-diverse persons and medical providers as well as open inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse individuals on terminology and standards boards is crucial to shifting the paradigm in transgender and gender-diverse health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T19:13:42Z","timestamp":1624043622000},"page":"271-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Transgender data collection in the electronic health record: Current concepts and issues"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8397-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clair A","family":"Kronk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery R","family":"Everhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Health, and Place Program, Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Law and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Hale M","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"given":"Theodore E","family":"Schall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berman Institute of Bioethics, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}]},{"given":"Teddy G","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Hiatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}]},{"given":"Zackary","family":"Derrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"given":"Roz","family":"Queen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information Science, School of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}]},{"given":"E Mae","family":"Guthman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"}]},{"given":"Olivia M","family":"Danforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Samaritan Health Services Geary St. Clinic, Albany, Oregon, USA"}]},{"given":"Elle","family":"Lett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"given":"Emery","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence S. 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