{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:55:55Z","timestamp":1782777355453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01LM009886-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01LM009886-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence is scarce regarding the safety of long-term drug use, especially for drugs treating chronic diseases. To bridge this knowledge gap, this research investigated the differences in drug exposure between clinical trials and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We extracted drug follow-up times from clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.gov and compared the difference between clinical trials and real-world usage data for 914 drugs taken by 96\u00a0645\u00a0927 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 17.5% of drugs had longer median exposure in practice than in trials, 6% of patients had extended exposure to at least 1 drug, and drugs treating nervous system disorders and cardiovascular diseases were the most common among drugs with high rates of extended exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For most of patients, the drug use length is shorter than the tested length in clinical trials. Still, a remarkable number of patients experienced extended drug exposure, particularly for drugs treating nervous system disorders or cardiovascular disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T19:32:55Z","timestamp":1626809575000},"page":"2456-2460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["From clinical trials to clinical practice: How long are drugs tested and then used by patients?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick B","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Observational Health Data Sciences 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