{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:55:08Z","timestamp":1773986108126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2020-02-3770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2020-02-3770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-tehnic-18-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-tehnic-18-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Injured extremities commonly need to be immobilized by casts to allow proper healing. We propose a method to suppress cast superimpositions in pediatric wrist radiographs based on the cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) model. We retrospectively reviewed unpaired pediatric wrist radiographs (n\u2009=\u20099672) and sampled them into 2 equal groups, with and without cast. The test subset consisted of 718 radiographs with cast. We evaluated different quadratic input sizes (256, 512, and 1024 pixels) for U-Net and ResNet-based CycleGAN architectures in cast suppression, quantitatively and qualitatively. The mean age was 11\u2009\u00b1\u20093 years in images containing cast (n\u2009=\u20094836), and 11\u2009\u00b1\u20094 years in castless samples (n\u2009=\u20094836). A total of 5956 X-rays had been done in males and 3716 in females. A U-Net 512 CycleGAN performed best (P\u2009\u2264\u2009.001). CycleGAN models successfully suppressed casts in pediatric wrist radiographs, allowing the development of a related software tool for radiology image viewers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T11:36:27Z","timestamp":1631100987000},"page":"2687-2694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cast suppression in radiographs by generative adversarial networks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Franko","family":"Hr\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"\u017du\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tschauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"\u0160tajduhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683433","article-title":"Duration of cast immobilization in distal radial fractures: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Delft","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2922960","article-title":"CT super-resolution GAN Constrained by the Identical, Residual, and Cycle Learning Ensemble (GAN-CIRCLE)","volume":"39","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102361","article-title":"Deep CT to MR synthesis using paired and unpaired data","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.3390\/app9122521","article-title":"DC2Anet: generating lumbar spine MR images from CT scan data based on semi-supervised learning","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2887072","article-title":"MR image reconstruction using deep density priors","volume":"38","author":"Tezcan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B6","first-page":"31","article-title":"IntroVAE: introspective variational autoencoders for photographic image synthesis","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B7","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153905","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3018228","article-title":"Conditional introspective variational autoencoder for image synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B9","first-page":"1558","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research: PMLR","author":"Larsen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B10"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B11","first-page":"2242"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B12"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17148\/IJARCCE.2016.5107","article-title":"A comparative analysis of image interpolation algorithms","volume":"5","author":"Parsania","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Comput Commun Eng"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B14","first-page":"2868"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B15","article-title":"Harmonic unpaired image-to-image translation","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B16","article-title":"Towards principled methods for training generative adversarial networks","author":"Arjovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B17"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B18","article-title":"Unsupervised cross-domain image generation","author":"Taigman","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B19","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Johnson","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B20","volume-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B21","first-page":"5967"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B22"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B23","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B24","first-page":"11","article-title":"Histogram comparison using intersection metric applied to digital images analysis","volume":"2","author":"Name","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iberoamerican J Appl Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2009.12.037","article-title":"Chi-square tests for comparing weighted histograms","volume":"614","author":"Gagunashvili","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A"},{"key":"2021120106303377000_ocab192-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1166-2","volume-title":"Asymptotics in Statistics: Some Basic Concepts","author":"Le Cam","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/28\/12\/2687\/41325299\/ocab192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/28\/12\/2687\/41325299\/ocab192.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T09:59:53Z","timestamp":1638352793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/28\/12\/2687\/6382240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocab192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]}}}