{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:14:17Z","timestamp":1780611257776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHS England"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Global Digital Exemplar (GDE) Programme is a national initiative to promote digitally enabled transformation in English provider organizations. The Programme applied benefits realization management techniques to promote and demonstrate transformative outcomes. This work was part of an independent national evaluation of the GDE Programme.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We explored how benefits realization management was approached and conceptualized in the GDE Programme.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a series of 36 longitudinal case studies of provider organizations participating in the GDE Programme, 12 of which were in depth. Data collection included a combination of 628 interviews (with implementation staff in provider organizations, national programme management staff, and suppliers), 499 documents (of national and local implementation plans and lessons learned), and 190 nonparticipant observations (of national and local programme management meetings to develop insights into the broader context of benefits realization activities, tensions arising, and how these were negotiated). Data were coded drawing on a sociotechnical framework developed in related work and thematically analyzed, initially within and then across cases, with the help of NVivo 11 software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most stakeholders broadly agreed with the rationale of benefits realization in the GDE Programme to show due diligence that public money was appropriately spent, and to develop an evidence base supporting the value of digitally enabled transformation. Differing national and local reporting purposes, however, created tensions. Central requirements, for progress reporting and tracking high-level benefits, had limited perceived local value and were seen to impose an unnecessary burden on provider organizations. This was accentuated by the lack of harmonization of reporting requirements to different stakeholders (which differed in content and timing). There were tensions between the desire for early evidence of outcomes and the slow processes of infrastructural change (which created problems of attribution of benefits to causes as benefits emerged gradually and over long timeframes), and also between reporting immediately visible local changes and showing how these flowed through to high level organization wide benefits (eg, in terms of health outcomes or cost savings\/return on investment). The attempt to fulfill these diverging agendas and informational needs within a single reporting tool had limited success. These difficulties were mitigated by efforts to simplify reporting requirements and to support targeted collection of key national outcome measures. Although progress was hampered by an initial lack of benefits realization expertise in provider organizations, some providers subsequently retained these skills for their own change management purposes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a need to recognize the limitations and cost of benefits realization management practices in the context of healthcare digitalization where benefits may materialize over long timeframes and in unanticipated ways. Although diverse stakeholder information needs may create tensions, prior agreement about rationales for collecting information and a targeted approach to tracking local and high-level benefits may enhance local relevance, reduce perceived reporting burdens, and improve acceptance\/effectiveness. A single integrated reporting mechanism is unlikely to fulfill both national and local requirements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T20:18:50Z","timestamp":1638908330000},"page":"536-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Benefits realization management in the context of a national digital transformation initiative in English provider organizations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryony Dean","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung The","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1481-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Krasuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Services Arden and Greater East Midlands Commissioning Support Unit, Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Mozaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Services Arden and Greater East Midlands Commissioning Support Unit, Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Eason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Services Arden and Greater East Midlands Commissioning Support Unit, Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6200-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry W W","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7394","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7394.860","article-title":"Evaluating computerised health information systems: hard lessons still to be learnt","volume":"326","author":"Littlejohns","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1118521","article-title":"Why is it difficult to achieve e-health systems at scale?","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Info Commun Soc"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6054","article-title":"Implementation and adoption of nationwide electronic health records in secondary care in England: final qualitative results from prospective national evaluation in \u201cearly adopter\u201d hospitals","volume":"343","author":"Sheikh","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2011.08.007","article-title":"Benefits realisation management: Panacea or false dawn?","volume":"30","author":"Breese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Proj Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2004.11.007","article-title":"Power, politics and persuasion in IS evaluation: a focus on \u2018relevant social groups\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strateg Info Syst"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B6","volume-title":"Developing Strategies for Change","author":"Darwin","year":"2002"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/163298.163309","article-title":"The productivity paradox of information technology","volume":"36","author":"Brynjolfsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119208242","volume-title":"Benefits Management: How to Increase the Business Value of Your IT Projects","author":"Ward","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2014.03.011","article-title":"Benefits realisation management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies","volume":"33","author":"Serra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Proj Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/026839620001500305","article-title":"Acts of faith: instinct, value and IT investment decisions","volume":"15","author":"Bannister","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Info Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1071\/AH19255","article-title":"From benefits idealisation to value optimisation: application in the digital health context","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2011.8","article-title":"Factors affecting the successful realisation of benefits from systems development projects: findings from three case studies","volume":"27","author":"Doherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Info Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-2373(94)90061-2","article-title":"The great IT benefit hunt","volume":"12","author":"Farbey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Manag J"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B14","volume-title":"Benefits Management: Delivering Value from is & IT Investments","author":"Ward","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B15","first-page":"49","article-title":"Development informatics in a changing world: reflections from ICTD2010\/2012","volume":"9","author":"Walsham","year":"2013","journal-title":". Info Technol Int Dev"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315569055","volume-title":"Benefit Realisation Management: A Practical Guide to Achieving Benefits through Change","author":"Bradley","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B17","first-page":"41","volume-title":"UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2014","author":"Casey","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158244020933881","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020933881","article-title":"Planned benefits\u201d can be misleading in digital transformation projects: insights from a case study of human resource information systems implementation in healthcare","volume":"10","author":"Tursunbayeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B19","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e041275","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041275","article-title":"Formative independent evaluation of a digital change programme in the English National Health Service: study protocol for a longitudinal qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Cresswell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B21"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15068","DOI":"10.2196\/15068","article-title":"Developing and applying a formative evaluation framework for health information technology implementations: qualitative investigation","volume":"22","author":"Cresswell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.005637","article-title":"Health information technology: fallacies and sober realities","volume":"17","author":"Karsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab020","article-title":"Using Blueprints to promote interorganizational knowledge transfer in digital health initiatives \u2013 a qualitative exploration of a national change program in English hospitals","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B25"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2391875","article-title":"Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems","author":"Weick","year":"1976","journal-title":"Admin Sci Q"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/2.291294","article-title":"Computer-supported cooperative work: history and focus","volume":"27","author":"Grudin","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Comput"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.11.021","article-title":"May C. Agency and implementation: understanding the embedding of healthcare innovations in practice","volume":"78","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390910922804","article-title":"A benefits realisation road-map framework for ERP usage in small and medium-sized enterprises","author":"Esteves","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Enterprise Info Manag"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B30"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B31"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B32"},{"key":"2022012920324014100_ocab283-B33"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/29\/3\/536\/42333231\/ocab283.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/29\/3\/536\/42333231\/ocab283.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1643488432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/29\/3\/536\/6470530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocab283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]}}}