{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:22:24Z","timestamp":1776889344828,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG062499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG062499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 LM012964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 LM012964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complex interventions with multiple components and behavior change strategies are increasingly implemented as a form of clinical decision support (CDS) using native electronic health record functionality. Objectives of this study were, therefore, to (1) identify the proportion of randomized controlled trials with CDS interventions that were complex, (2) describe common gaps in the reporting of complexity in CDS research, and (3) determine the impact of increased complexity on CDS effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess CDS complexity and identify reporting gaps for characterizing CDS interventions, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting tool for complex interventions. We evaluated the effect of increased complexity using random-effects meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most included studies evaluated a complex CDS intervention (76%). No studies described use of analytical frameworks or causal pathways. Two studies discussed use of theory but only one fully described the rationale and put it in context of a behavior change. A small but positive effect (standardized mean difference, 0.147; 95% CI, 0.039\u20130.255; P &amp;lt; .01) in favor of increasing intervention complexity was observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While most CDS studies should classify interventions as complex, opportunities persist for documenting and providing resources in a manner that would enable CDS interventions to be replicated and adapted. Unless reporting of the design, implementation, and evaluation of CDS interventions improves, only slight benefits can be expected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Conceptualizing CDS as complex interventions may help convey the careful attention that is needed to ensure these interventions are contextually and theoretically informed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1654152913000},"page":"1744-1756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Conceptualizing clinical decision support as complex interventions: a meta-analysis of comparative effectiveness trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1081-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J","family":"Reese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Steitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2292-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3859-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ancker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9900","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61046-6","article-title":"Mapping of available health research and development data: what\u2019s there, what\u2019s missing, and what role is there for a global observatory?","volume":"382","author":"R\u00f8ttingen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B2"},{"issue":"9683","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60329-9","article-title":"Avoidable waste in the production and reporting of research evidence","volume":"374","author":"Chalmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B4","first-page":"416","article-title":"Hedging against academic risk","volume":"4","author":"Osherovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"SciBX"},{"issue":"7676","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655","article-title":"Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"337","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"57","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta25570","article-title":"Framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions: gap analysis, workshop and consultation-informed update","volume":"25","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.011","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 1: an introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions","volume":"90","author":"Guise","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.012","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 2: defining complexity, formulating scope, and questions","volume":"90","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.015","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 5: advanced analytic methods","volume":"90","author":"Pigott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.014","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 4: selecting analytic approaches","volume":"90","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.013","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols","volume":"90","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.017","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 7: PRISMA-CI elaboration and explanation","volume":"90","author":"Guise","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.06.016","article-title":"AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews\u2014paper 6: PRISMA-CI extension statement and checklist","volume":"90","author":"Guise","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B14"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B15","volume-title":"Optimizing Strategies for Clinical Decision Support: Summary of a Meeting Series","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7494","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38398.500764.8F","article-title":"Improving clinical practice using clinical decision support systems: a systematic review of trials to identify features critical to success","volume":"330","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"203","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enabling health care decisionmaking through clinical decision support and knowledge management","author":"Lobach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2015.05.007","article-title":"The perils of meta-regression to identify clinical decision support system success factors","volume":"56","author":"Fillmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f657","article-title":"Features of effective computerised clinical decision support systems: meta-regression of 162 randomised trials","volume":"346","author":"Roshanov","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.10.1223","article-title":"Effects of computerized clinical decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Garg","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B21"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab115","article-title":"Implementing lung cancer screening in primary care: needs assessment and implementation strategy design","volume":"12","author":"Reese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0880","article-title":"Recommendations for the conduct and reporting of research involving flexible electronic health record-based interventions","volume":"172","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01465-2","article-title":"A systematic review of theoretical constructs in CDS literature","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab160","article-title":"A theory-based meta-regression of factors influencing clinical decision support adoption and implementation","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B29","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl129","article-title":"Sample size for cluster randomized trials: effect of coefficient of variation of cluster size and analysis method","volume":"35","author":"Eldridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivy163","article-title":"Statistical primer: heterogeneity, random- or fixed-effects model analyses?","volume":"27","author":"Barili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B32","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7414","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B34","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.0","author":"Deeks","year":"2019"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B35","first-page":"29","article-title":"A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials","volume":"10","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B36","volume-title":"Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments","author":"Rothstein"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-1991-y","article-title":"Clinical decision support to promote safe prescribing to women of reproductive age: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"27","author":"Schwarz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0275","article-title":"Effect of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among primary care practices a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Meeker","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.697201","article-title":"Electronic alerts versus on-demand decision support to improve dyslipidemia treatment: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"van Wyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1013-x","article-title":"Reducing the prescribing of heavily marketed medications: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Fortuna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-3-200608010-00004","article-title":"Improving blood pressure control through provider education, provider alerts, and patient education: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"145","author":"Roumie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.394","article-title":"Electronic medical record reminders and panel management to improve primary care of elderly patients","volume":"171","author":"Loo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.4.324.33173","article-title":"Failure of computerized treatment suggestions to improve health outcomes of outpatients with uncomplicated hypertension: results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Murray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.0t369.x","article-title":"Can computer-generated evidence-based care suggestions enhance evidence-based management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Tierney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1367\/A03-166R.1","article-title":"Can continuity of care be improved? Results from a randomized pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Christakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-11-201212040-00003","article-title":"Efficacy of a clinical decision-support system in an HIV practice: a randomized trial","volume":"157","author":"Robbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.11.003","article-title":"Patient education and provider decision support to control blood pressure in primary care: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"157","author":"Bosworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(02)00062-2","article-title":"The effect of adding Pap smear information to a mammography reminder system in an HMO: Results of randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Burack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e183377","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.3377","article-title":"Effect of 2 clinical decision support strategies on chronic kidney disease outcomes in primary care: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"1","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B51","first-page":"63","article-title":"Feedback and training to improve use of an electronic prescribing system: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"239","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy025","article-title":"Integration of physical abuse clinical decision support into the electronic health record at a Tertiary Care Children\u2019s Hospital","volume":"25","author":"Suresh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13860","article-title":"A multifaceted intervention to improve patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: results of the ED EMC2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"McCarthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2013.05.002","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 responses to clinical decision support on an intensive care unit\u2014comparison of four different alerting methods","volume":"59","author":"Scheepers-Hoeks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"issue":"44","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgs011","article-title":"Multilevel interventions: measurement and measures","volume":"2012","author":"Charns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-4-200102200-00010","article-title":"Assessment of decision support for blood test ordering in primary care: a randomized trial","volume":"134","author":"van Wijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001073","article-title":"Adherence to drug-drug interaction alerts in highrisk patients: a trial of context-enhanced alerting","volume":"20","author":"Duke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1627","article-title":"Effect of CPOE user interface design on user-initiated access to educational and patient information during clinical care","volume":"12","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.103956","article-title":"Interrupting providers with clinical decision support to improve care for heart failure","volume":"131","author":"Blecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M3111","article-title":"Clinical decision support capabilities of commercially-available clinical information systems","volume":"16","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00136","article-title":"From classification to causality: advancing understanding of mechanisms of change in implementation science","volume":"6","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4818-7","article-title":"Core functions and forms of complex health interventions: a patient-centered medical home illustration","volume":"34","author":"Perez Jolles","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibz178","article-title":"A case study of a theory-based method for identifying and reporting core functions and forms of evidence-based interventions","volume":"11","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"44","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgs001","article-title":"In search of synergy: Strategies for combining interventions at multiple levels","volume":"2012","author":"Weiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000337","article-title":"Pseudo-set framing","volume":"146","author":"Barasz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1322","article-title":"Evaluating the public health iImpact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework","volume":"89","author":"Glasgow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15265\/IY-2016-023","article-title":"New unintended adverse consequences of electronic health records","volume":"25","author":"Sittig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yearb Med Inform"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac045","article-title":"Improving the specificity of drug-drug interaction alerts: can it be done?","author":"Reese","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac027","article-title":"Clinician collaboration to improve clinical decision support: the Clickbusters initiative","volume":"29","author":"McCoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.09.003","article-title":"Creating and sharing clinical decision support content with Web 2.0: issues and examples","volume":"42","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1859-6","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of health maintenance reminders provided directly to patients through an electronic PHR","volume":"27","author":"Wright","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28618","DOI":"10.2196\/28618","article-title":"A shared decision-making tool for drug interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: design and usability study","volume":"8","author":"Reese","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa099","article-title":"Integrated displays to improve chronic disease management in ambulatory care: a SMART on FHIR application informed by mixed-methods user testing","volume":"27","author":"Curran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa086","article-title":"Impact of integrated graphical display on expert and novice diagnostic performance in critical care","volume":"27","author":"Reese","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104749","article-title":"Coordinated use of Health Level 7 standards to support clinical decision support: case study with shared decision making and drug-drug interactions","volume":"162","author":"Thiess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"2022091407552760500_ocac089-B76"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/29\/10\/1744\/45798271\/ocac089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/29\/10\/1744\/45798271\/ocac089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T07:57:25Z","timestamp":1663142245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/29\/10\/1744\/6597053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocac089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]}}}