{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:00:58Z","timestamp":1782982858064,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 vaccination uptake has been suboptimal, even in high-risk populations. New approaches are needed to bring vaccination data to the groups leading outreach efforts. This article describes work to make state-level vaccination data more accessible by extending the Bulk Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) standard to better support the repeated retrieval of vaccination data for coordinated outreach efforts. We also describe a corresponding low-foot-print software for population outreach that automates repeated checks of state-level immunization data and prioritizes outreach by social determinants of health. Together this software offers an integrated approach to addressing vaccination gaps. Several extensions to the Bulk FHIR protocol were needed to support bulk query of immunization records. These are described in detail. The results of a pilot study, using the outreach tool to target a population of 1500 patients are also described. The results confirmed the limitations of current patient-by-patient approach for querying state immunizations systems for population data and the feasibility of a Bulk FHIR approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T17:14:42Z","timestamp":1669828482000},"page":"551-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["VACtrac: enhancing access immunization registry data for population outreach using the Bulk Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resource (FHIR) protocol"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Leslie","family":"Lenert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smile Digital Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Kirchoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Weatherston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smile Digital Health , Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Deans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2023021611064248000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab066","article-title":"Informatics for public health and health system collaboration: applications for the control of the current COVID-19 pandemic and the next one","volume":"28","author":"Lenert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021611064248000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.4251","article-title":"Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with routine childhood vaccination rates and proportion up to date with vaccinations across 8 US health 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