{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:30:35Z","timestamp":1784809835649,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003550","name":"Queensland Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Advanced Queensland Industry Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify factors influencing implementation of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) that predict clinical deterioration in hospitalized adult patients and relate these to a validated implementation framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of studies of implemented or trialed real-time clinical deterioration prediction MLAs was undertaken, which identified: how MLA implementation was measured; impact of MLAs on clinical processes and patient outcomes; and barriers, enablers and uncertainties within the implementation process. Review findings were then mapped to the SALIENT end-to-end implementation framework to identify the implementation stages at which these factors applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-seven articles relating to 14 groups of MLAs were identified, each trialing or implementing a bespoke algorithm. One hundred and seven distinct implementation evaluation metrics were identified. Four groups reported decreased hospital mortality, 1 significantly. We identified 24 barriers, 40 enablers, and 14 uncertainties and mapped these to the 5 stages of the SALIENT implementation framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Algorithm performance across implementation stages decreased between in silico and trial stages. Silent plus pilot trial inclusion was associated with decreased mortality, as was the use of logistic regression algorithms that used less than 39 variables. Mitigation of alert fatigue via alert suppression and threshold configuration was commonly employed across groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>: There is evidence that real-world implementation of clinical deterioration prediction MLAs may improve clinical outcomes. Various factors identified as influencing success or failure of implementation can be mapped to different stages of implementation, thereby providing useful and practical guidance for implementers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T09:24:49Z","timestamp":1700040289000},"page":"509-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Systematic review and longitudinal analysis of implementing Artificial Intelligence to predict clinical deterioration in adult hospitals: what is known and what remains uncertain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5642-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton H","family":"van der Vegt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service , Birtynia, QLD 4575, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imogen","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Education, Canberra Health Services , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Malycha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Woodville, SA 5011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Intensive Care Services, Eastern Health , Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Flenady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthas","family":"Flabouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Quality & Innovation, The Prince Charles Hospital , Chermside, QLD 4032, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naitik","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Safety and Quality, Clinical Excellence Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikrant R","family":"Kalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Safety and Quality, Clinical Excellence Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovie A","family":"Decoyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Es\u2019haghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Huei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD 4222, 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