{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T02:49:31Z","timestamp":1769309371322,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB031030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB031030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HG011066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HG011066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T15LM011271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T15LM011271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"San Diego Biomedical Informatics Education & Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T15LM011271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T15LM011271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study aimed to expedite data sharing requests of Limited Data Sets (LDS) through the development of a streamlined platform that allows distributed, immutable management of network activities, provides transparent and intuitive auditing of data access history, and systematically evaluated it on a multi-capacity network setting for meaningful efficiency metrics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed a blockchain-based system with six types of smart contracts to automate the LDS sharing process among major stakeholders. Our workflow included metadata initialization, access-request processing, and audit-log querying. We evaluated our system using synthetic data on three machines with varying specifications to emulate real-world scenarios. The data employed included \u223c1000 researcher requests and \u223c360\u00a0000 log queries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On average, it took \u223c2.5\u00a0s to register and respond to a researcher access request. The average runtime for an audit-log query with non-empty output was \u223c3\u00a0ms. The runtime metrics at each institution showed general trends affiliated with their computational capacity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our system can reduce the LDS sharing request time from potentially hours to seconds, while enhancing data access transparency in a multi-institutional setting. There were variations in performance across sites that could be attributed to differences in hardware specifications. The performance gains became marginal beyond certain hardware thresholds, pointing to the influence of external factors such as network speeds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our blockchain-based system can potentially accelerate clinical research by strengthening the data access process, expediting access and delivery of data links, increasing transparency with clear audit trails, and reinforcing trust in medical data management. Our smart contracts are available at: https:\/\/github.com\/graceyufei\/LDS-Request-Management.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T09:30:23Z","timestamp":1732181423000},"page":"296-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distributed, immutable, and transparent biomedical limited data set request management on multi-capacity network"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, 92093,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego Health , La Jolla, CA, 92093,","place":["United 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