{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:46:16Z","timestamp":1771260376672,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA050676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA050676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA044985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA044985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33DA046085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33DA046085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To highlight the often overlooked role of user interface (UI) design in mitigating bias in artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support (CDS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This perspective paper discusses the interdependency between AI-based algorithm development and UI design and proposes strategies for increasing the safety and efficacy of CDS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of design in biasing user behavior is well documented in behavioral economics and other disciplines. We offer an example of how UI designs play a role in how bias manifests in our machine learning-based CDS development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Much discussion on bias in AI revolves around data quality and algorithm design; less attention is given to how UI design can exacerbate or mitigate limitations of AI-based applications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work highlights important considerations including the role of UI design in reinforcing\/mitigating bias, human factors methods for identifying issues before an application is released, and risk communication strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T09:35:10Z","timestamp":1732181710000},"page":"398-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Using human factors methods to mitigate bias in artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura G","family":"Militello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Decision Science, LLC , Dayton, OH 45429,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Diiulio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Decision Science, LLC , Dayton, OH 45429,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie L","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-0293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khoa A","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A","family":"Harle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Richard M. 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