{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1785999252880,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T15 LM013977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T15 LM013977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biomedical Informatics and Data Science for Health Equity Research","award":["SC BIDS4Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC BIDS4Health"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to summarize the usage of large language models (LLMs) in the process of creating a scientific review by looking at the methodological papers that describe the use of LLMs in review automation and the review papers that mention they were made with the support of LLMs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search was conducted in June 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Dimensions, and Google Scholar by human reviewers. Screening and extraction process took place in Covidence with the help of LLM add-on based on the OpenAI GPT-4o model. ChatGPT and Scite.ai were used in cleaning the data, generating the code for figures, and drafting the manuscript.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 3788 articles retrieved, 172 studies were deemed eligible for the final review. ChatGPT and GPT-based LLM emerged as the most dominant architecture for review automation (n\u2009=\u2009126, 73.2%). A significant number of review automation projects were found, but only a limited number of papers (n\u2009=\u200926, 15.1%) were actual reviews that acknowledged LLM usage. Most citations focused on the automation of a particular stage of review, such as Searching for publications (n\u2009=\u200960, 34.9%) and Data extraction (n\u2009=\u200954, 31.4%). When comparing the pooled performance of GPT-based and BERT-based models, the former was better in data extraction with a mean precision of 83.0% (SD\u2009=\u200910.4) and a recall of 86.0% (SD\u2009=\u20099.8).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our LLM-assisted systematic review revealed a significant number of research projects related to review automation using LLMs. Despite limitations, such as lower accuracy of extraction for numeric data, we anticipate that LLMs will soon change the way scientific reviews are conducted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T15:55:34Z","timestamp":1746633334000},"page":"1071-1086","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["The emergence of large language models as tools in literature reviews: a large language model-assisted systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7274-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Scherbakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) , Charleston, SC 29403,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Hubig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) , Charleston, SC 29403,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Transformation University , OG 2 A-4040 Linz,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinita","family":"Jansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Clemson University , Charleston, SC 29634,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bakumenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Clemson University , Charleston, SC 29634,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie A","family":"Lenert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) , Charleston, SC 29403,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052712445099500_ocaf063-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002738","article-title":"Statistical note: using scoping and systematic reviews","volume":"22","author":"Toh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025052712445099500_ocaf063-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671569","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.671569","article-title":"Quality assessment of published systematic reviews in high impact cardiology journals: revisiting the evidence pyramid","volume":"8","author":"Abushouk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2025052712445099500_ocaf063-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6838","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01174-5","article-title":"The roles of adolescents\u2019 emotional problems and social media addiction on their self-esteem","volume":"41","author":"Acar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"2025052712445099500_ocaf063-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012545","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012545","article-title":"Analysis of the time and workers needed to conduct systematic reviews of medical interventions using data from the PROSPERO registry","volume":"7","author":"Borah","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025052712445099500_ocaf063-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? 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